UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL, ANTIULSER, ANALISIS INDEKS GLISEMIK DAN GLUKOMANAN UMBI GARUT (Maranta arundinacea L.)

Fadlilaturrahmah, Dr. Rumiyati, M.Si., Apt.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Umbi garut merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pangan fungsional. Produk olahan dari umbi garut seperti tepung dan pati dalam penyimpanan lebih stabil. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antikolesterol, antiulser, analisis indeks glisemik (IG) dan glukomanan dari tepung dan pati umbi garut. Uji aktivitas antikolesterol menggunakan tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberi pakan standar, kelompok 2 diberi NaCMC, kelompok 3 diberi tepung umbi garut (TG) dosis 4230 mg/kg BB, kelompok 4 diberi pati umbi garut (PG) dosis 3105 mg/kg BB, kelompok 5 diberi orlistat dosis 10,8 mg/kg BB, dan kelompok 6 diberi glukomanan dosis 90 mg/kg BB. Kelompok 2-6 diinduksi diet lemak tinggi selama 45 hari. Uji aktivitas antiulser menggunakan tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberi asetosal dosis 450 mg/kg BB selama 5 hari, kelompok 2 diberi NaCMC, kelompok 3 diberi TG dosis 4230 mg/kg BB, kelompok 4 diberi PG dosis 3105 mg/kg BB, kelompok 5 diberi sukralfat dosis 360 mg/kg BB, dan kelompok 6 diberi glukomanan dosis 222 mg/kg BB. Kelompok 2-6 diinduksi dengan asetosal dosis 450 mg/kg BB tikus selama 10 hari dan diberi perlakuan dari hari ke 6-10. Hari ke 11 tikus dikorbankan dan diambil lambungnya untuk dilihat kerusakan lambung secara histologi. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisa statistik dengan uji Mann-Whitney menggunakan SPSS versi 16. Penentuan nilai IG dari TG dan PG secara in vivo. Kadar glukosa dalam sampel darah diukur pada jam ke 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 24 dengan metode enzimatis. Analisis kandungan glukomanan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis densitometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TG dan PG masing-masing mengandung kadar karbohidrat mereduksi-tidak mereduksi, pati, serat kasar, kadar air dan abu sebagai berikut 42,00±2,85 % dan 5,68±1,48 %; 31,97±7,75 % dan 14,66±1,09 %; 7,54±0,61 % dan 10,29±0,44 %; 2,25±0,45 % dan 0,06±0,02 %; 4,76±0,22 % dan 11,96±0,13 %; 0,17±0,08 % dan 0,21±0,06 %. Persentase penurunan kadar kolesterol TG dan PG yaitu sebesar 17,53 % dan 16,23 % secara signifikan sebanding dengan orlistat (p>0,05). Nilai persentase proteksi TG dan PG yaitu sebesar 67,97±0,49% dan 67,23±1,96% secara signifikan sebanding dengan glukomanan (p>0,05). Nilai IG dari TG dan PG sebesar 15,39±17,05 dan 3,33±2,29 yang termasuk kategori IG rendah. Kadar glukomanan tepung umbi garut adalah 14,27 mg/g.

Arrowroot tuber is one of the plants that have a potential to be developed as a functional food. Products processed from arrowroot such as flour and starch were more stabile during storage. This study had been carried out to analyse the anti-cholesterol activity, antiulser, analysis of glycemic index and glucomannan from arrowroot flour and starch. Anti-cholesterol activity was determined using Wistar male rats divided by 6 groups. Group 1 were given standard diet, group 2 were given NaCMC, group 3 were given a dose of arrowroot flour (TG) 4230 mg /kg, group 4 were given a dose of arrowroot starch (PG) 3105 mg /kg, group 5 were given a dose of orlistat 10,8 mg /kg, and group 6 were given a dose of glucomannan 90 mg/kg. Group 2-6 were induced by high fat diet for 45 days. Treatments were given for 15 days from the day 31-45 orally. Cholesterol measurements performed on days 0th, 30th, and 45th. Antiulser used rats that divided by 6 groups. Group 1 were given a dose of aspirin 450 mg/kg for 5 days, group 2 were given NaCMC, group 3 were given a dose of TG 4230 mg/kg, group 4 were given a dose of PG 3105 mg/kg, group 5 were given a dose of sucralfate 360 mg/kg, and group 6 were given a dose of glucomannan 222 mg/kg. Groups 2-6 induced by aspirin dose 450 mg/kg for 10 days and the rats were treated from day 6-10. Day 11th rats were sacrificed and analysed to histology the damage gastric. The results obtained were analyzed statistically with the Mann-Whitney using SPSS version 16. IG value determination performed in vivo. Glucose levels in the blood samples was measured at 0th, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th with enzymatic methods. Glucomannan analysis was done using thin layer chromatography densitometric. The results showed TG and PG contain reduced-unreduced carbohydrate, starch, crude fiber, water and ash content with levels 42,00±2,85 % and 5,68±1,48 %; 31,97±7,75 % and 14,66±1,09 %; 7,54±0,61 % and 10,29±0,44 %; 2,25±0,45 % and 0,06±0,02 %; 4,76±0,22 and 11,96±0,13; 0,17±0,08 % and 0,21±0,06 %, respectively. The percentage decrease of TG and PG were 17,53 % and 16,23 %, and the effect is comparable significantly with orlistat (p>0,05). The percentage protection of TG and PG were 67,97±0,49% and 67,23±1,96%, and the effect is comparable significantly with glucomannan (p>0,05). IG values of TG and PG at 15,39±17,05 and 3,33±2,29 were categorized as low GI. Glucomannan level of TG were 14,27 mg/g.

Kata Kunci : umbi garut, kolesterol, ulser, indeks glisemik, glukomanan