KERAGAMAN SUMBER PAKAN DAN PERILAKU MENCARI PAKAN LEBAH Trigona iridipennis (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) DI GUNUNGKIDUL

Rahmat Budi Nugroho, Dr. R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi, M.S.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Budidaya lebah madu sudah lama dikenal masyarakat. Potensi usaha ini diyakini sangat besar, karena banyaknya tanaman sumber pakan yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Informasi mengenai tanaman-tanaman sumber pakan belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Aktivitas lebah madu dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan sumber pakan di sekitar sarang dan kebutuhan nutrisi dalam koloni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakter morfologi lebah Trigona iridipennis, mempelajari keragaman tanaman pakan lebah T.iridipennis dan mempelajari perilaku mencari pakan lebah T.iridipennis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2012-Maret 2013 di Nglipar Gunungkidul. Metode penelitian meliputi pengamatan keragaman jenis tanaman pakan melalui identifikasi polen, pengamatan perilaku lebah, dan identifikasi lebah Trigona. Lebah T.iridipennis ini mempunyai ciri utama yaitu tubuh berwarna hitam, berukuran ±3,50 mm dan mempunyai panjang caput ±1,59 mm. Panjang mata majemuk ±1,08 mm dan lebar 0,45 mm. Hasil identifikasi polen yang diambil dari sarang menunjukkan bahwa ada 13 jenis tanaman yang menjadi sumber pakan T.iridipennis. Terdapat kecocokan polen yang diambil dari sarang dengan polen yang diambil dari bunga di sekitar sarang yaitu pada tanaman C.papaya, N.longan, dan C.caudatus. Aktivitas harian lebah T.iridipennis keluar dan masuk sarang digambarkan dalam model kuadratik, yaitu korelasi antara T.iridipennis keluar dan masuk sarang dengan faktor lingkungan (suhu, intensitas cahaya dan kelembaban). Model korelasi tersebut adalah y = -2.58223x1 - 0.01311x2 - 3.6711x3 + 428.2948 untuk aktivitas T.iridipennis keluar sarang dan y = 1.500706x1 - 0.0159x2 - 2.6193x3 + 226.9533 untuk aktivitas T.iridipennis masuk sarang. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) pada aktivitas T.iridipennis keluar sarang dan masuk sarang sebesar 0,86 dan 0,90.

Beekeeping has been known by local community. It is believed to have a huge potential in business considering the abundance of food source plants which grow in Indonesia. Informations on food source plants known by local community were very limited. The activities of honey bees are highly affected by the availability of food source around the hive and the colonies nutrition needs. The purpose of this research were to study the morphological characteristics of Trigona iridipennis bees, to study the variety of food source and feeding habit of T.iridipennis bees. This research was done in December 2012 to March 2013 in Nglipar Gunungkidul. Methods of research including observation of food plants variety through pollen identification, observation of Trigona’s habit and identification of Trigona bee. T.iridipennis have main chracteristics which are black bodied, ±3,5 mm in lenght and ±1,59 mm caput length, compound eyes of ±1,08 mm in length and 0,45 mm in width. The identification of plant’s pollen collected from hives showed that there were 13 species of plants used by T.iridipennis bees as food sources. There was a match of pollens collected from hives with pollens collected from flowers grow around the hives, which are C. papaya, N. Longan, and C. caudatus. Daily activity of T.iridipennis bees flying in and out of the hives are modelled by quadratic model, which shows the correlation between T.iridipennis flying in and out of hive activities and abiotic factors (temperature, light intensity, and humidity). The correlation models are y= -2.58223x1 - 0.01311x2 - 3.6711x3 + 428.2948 for T.iridipennis bees fly out activity and y= 1.500706x1 - 0.0159x2 - 2.6193x3 + 226.9533 for Trigona bees fly in activity. Determination coefficiency value (R2) of T.iridipennis bees fly out and fly in activities are 0,86 and 0,90.

Kata Kunci : T.iridipennis, tanaman pakan, perilaku mencari pakan, polen