RESPONS IMUNITAS IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio Linn.) PADA PEMBERIAN ASAM HUMAT TANAH GAMBUT KALIMANTAN

Diah Wulandari Rousdy, Dr. biol. hom. Nastiti Wijayanti

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Indonesia sebagai negara dengan lahan gambut terluas ke-4 di dunia memiliki banyak potensi kandungan senyawa humat untuk dikembangkan. Asam humat telah diketahui mempunyai berbagai potensi biologis, salah satunya sebagai imunostimulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian asam humat dari tanah gambut Kalimantan terhadap respon imunitas ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio Linn.). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan perlakuan asam humat (1%, 3% dan 5%) dari berat pakan. Pemberian asam humat dilakukan secara oral melalui pakan selama 21 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan uji tantang menggunakan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian asam humat secara oral menghasilkan respon imunitas nonspesifik dan spesifik berbeda tergantung dosis. Perlakuan asam humat 1% menstimulus sistem imunitas nonspesifik dan spesifik yang dilihat dari pertambahan jumlah leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis, produksi ROS pasca infeksi, titer antibodi dan persentase limfosit. Sedangkan asam humat 3% dan 5% lebih menstimulus sistem imunitas nonspesifik berdasarkan peningkatan jumlah leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis, jumlah sel fagosit aktif. Stimulus sistem imunitas spesifik pada perlakuan asam humat 3% dan 5% tidak sebaik perlakuan asam humat 1%. Selain itu, pemberian asam humat kecuali pada asam humat 1%, menyebabkan penurunan kadar hemoglobin darah, produksi ROS oleh sel fagosit dan persentase monosit granulosit dalam darah. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan diantara kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi asam humat yang berbeda. Asam humat konsentrasi 1% memberikan nilai sintasan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan lain. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi penggunaan asam humat dalam meningkatkan sistem imunitas ikan.

Indonesia as the 4th largest country in peat soil land has many potencies of humic acid substance to explore. Humic acid has been known has many biological activities such as immunostimulatory effect. The aim of this study was to know the effect of humic acid from Borneo peat soil to immune respons of carp (Cyprinus carpio Linn.). Research design using RCD (Randomized Complete Design) with six treatment and three replication. The treatment are normal control group, negative control group, positive control group and three group treatment with humic acid (1%, 3% and 5%). Humic acid was given orally to fish for 21 days and Aeromonas hydrophila was used in the challenge test. The results of the study showed administration of humic acid orally enhanced nonspecific and specific immune responses depend on the dose. One percent humic acid treatments stimulate the nonspecific and specific immune system as seen from the number of leukocytes, phagocytic activity, production of ROS after infection, antibody titers and lymphocyte percentage. While humic acid 3% and 5% also enhanced nonspecific immune system by increasing the number of leukocytes, phagocytic activity, the number of active phagocytic cells. Specific immune responses in the treatment of humic acid 3% and 5% is not as good as 1% humic acid treatment. On the other hand, administration of humic acid, except humic acid 1%, caused a decrease in blood hemoglobin levels, ROS production and granulocytes monocytes percentage. There were no significant differences among groups treatment. Survival rate (SR) of carp after infected by A. hydrophila in humic acid concentration of 1% was higher than other treatment. This result indicated humic acid was potential to enhance immune system of fish.

Kata Kunci : humic acid, peat soil, immune system, common carp, Aeromonas hydrophila