PERBEDAAN KEPATUHAN PENGELOLA IMUNISASI DALAM MENGELOLA VAKSIN PADA UNIT PELAYANAN IMUNISASI PEMERINTAH DAN SWASTA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Riastuti Rahayu, dr. Mei Neni Sitaresmi, SpA(K), MPH, Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Program imunisasi cost effective menurunkan penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I) jika didukung kuantitas dan kualitas pelayanan imunisasi yang tinggi. Vaksin adalah produk biologis yang rentan dan mudah rusak. Unit pelayanan imunisasi primer merupakan faktor paling kritis dalam sistim imunisasi, karena vaksin dalam jumlah besar diterima, disimpan dan didistribusikan. Kepatuhan petugas dalam mengelola vaksin adalah suatu hal utama dan perlu dilakukan, agar kualitas dan potensi vaksin dapat dipertahankan. Tujuan: Membandingkan kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin pada unit pelayanan imunisasi pemerintah dan swasta di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional, jumlah sample 57 pengelola imunisasi di unit pelayanan imunisasi pemerintah dan swasta. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi dan test. Analisis data meliputi deskriptif, two-sample t-test with unequal variances , Pearson Product Moment dan regresi linier ganda. Hasil: Kepatuhan petugas dalam mengelola vaksin di pelayanan pemerintah lebih baik dibandingkan unit pelayanan swasta dengan perbedaan rerata sebesar 24% (95%CI 17,7-30,3). Tingkat pengetahuan, sarana cold chain, supervisi, dan pelatihan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan dalam mengelola vaksin dengan nilai p<0,05. Sedangkan beban kerja tidak berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi p >0,05(p=0,08). Sarana cold chain berkontribusi paling dominan (66 %) mempengaruhi kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin. Kesimpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin di pelayanan pemerintah lebih baik dibandingkan swasta. Tingkat pengetahuan, sarana, supervisi dan pelatihan berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin. Beban kerja tidak berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin. Sarana cold chain pertama dipertimbangkan dalam upaya peningkatan kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi dalam mengelola vaksin.

Background: Immunization is the cost effective program to reduce preventable diseases if supported by good quantity and quality of immunization services. Vaccines are biological products which are fragile and easily damaged. Primary immunization facility is the most critical factor in the immunization system, due to large amounts of vaccine received, stored and distributed. The compliance of immunization managers in managing vaccines is the importance factor to ensure in the quality and potential of the vaccines. Objective: To compaire the compliance of immunization managers in managing the vaccine between public and private immunization service unit in Yogyakarta Municipality. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 57 immunization managers at public and private immunization service unit. Data collection was collected through interviews, observation and tests. Data analysis included deskriptif, two-sample t-test with unequal variances, Pearson Product Moment and multiple linier regressions. Results: The compliance of immunization managers in managing the vaccine in public services unit was better than that in private unit with a mean difference of 24% (95% CI=17.7-30.3). The level of knowledge, cold chain facilities, supervision, and training affected the compliance. Workload, however, had no effect on the compliance of immunization managers with p > 0.05 (p=0.08). Cold chain facility mostly affected the compliance of immunization managers in managing vaccine. Cold chain facilities accounted for 66%. Conclusion: The compliance of immunization managers in managing the vaccine cold chain in public services was better than that in private services. Knowledge, facility, supervision and training affected the compliance of immunization managers in managing the vaccine cold chain. Cold chain facility was the first variable to be considered to increase the compliance of the immunization managers in managing the vaccine.

Kata Kunci : kepatuhan pengelola imunisasi, mengelola vaksin, unit pelayanan imunisasi, compliance immunization managers, administer vaccines, immunization service unit