PERKEMBANGAN VISUAL-MOTOR DAN KONSUMSI HASIL LAUT ANAK BATITA DI KECAMATAN BULAK, SURABAYA

Dwi Susanti, Prof. dr. Djauhar Ismail, SpA(K),MPH, Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Kandungan zat gizi ikan dan hasil laut membantu pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan kognitif anak. Kecamatan Bulak yang terletak di pesisir pantai Kenjeran, merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki resiko tinggi mengalami pencemaran limbah industri. Ikan laut dan kerang yang ditangkap di perairan Kenjeran diketahui telah tercemar timbal. Masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah Pantai Kenjeran rata-rata mengkonsumsi ikan laut lebih tinggi dibandingkan komsumsi ikan nasional. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui korelasi konsumsi hasil laut denganperkembangan kognitif terutama perkembangan visual-motor anak usia 1-3 tahun dengan menggunakan skala Capute. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang/ cross sectional, didapatkan 95 sampel pada 8 posyandu dari 29 posyandu yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling. Perkembangan visual-motor batita diukur dengan skala Capute, sedangkan konsumsi hasil laut dihitung dari rata-rata konsumsi hasil laut dengan metode recall 24 jam yang dilakukan 3 hari tidak berturut-turut. Hasil Penelitian: Setelah dikontrol dengan variabel luar, didapatkan koefisien korelasi sebesar -11,70 (95%CI: -18,70; -4,69) untuk kelompok konsumsi hasil laut sedikit (􀂔18 gram/hari) dan 9,39 (95%CI:-18,70; -0,08) untuk kelompok konsumsi hasil laut banyak (>18 gram/hari). Kesimpulan: Konsumsi hasil laut menurunkan skor perkembangan visual-motor (CAT-DQ) pada batita di Kecamatan Bulak dan terbukti bermakna secara statistik, yang kemungkinan disebabkan karena kontaminasi logam berat.

Background: Seafood contains many nutrients for optimizing child growth and cognitive development. Bulak subdistrict that located at coastal area of Kenjeran beach, risked to be harm by marine pollution of heavy metal. Seafish and seashell taken from Kenjeran beach was known contaminated by lead. Objective: The aim of this studywas to investigate the association between seafood consumption and cognitive development particularly visuo-motor development (CAT-DQ) of 1-3 years old child by using Capute scale in a Bulak subdistrict population. Method: In this cross-sectional study, there were ninety-five 1-3 yo children in 8 Posyandu which randomly and cluster selected from 29 Posyandu in Bulak Subdistrict. Their visuo-motor development score (CAT-DQ) were examined by using capute scale, and their amounts of seafood consumptionwere calculated by average from 3 times of 24-hours recall that held unconsecutively. Results: On multiple linier regression analysis, after controlling for several confounders, there were decreases in visuo-motor score (CAT-DQ) by 11.70 point (95%CI: -18.7; -4.69) of children who consume seafood below and equal 18 gram/day and by 9.39 point (95%CI:-18.7; -0.08) of children who consume seafood above 18 gram/day. Conclusion: There was statistically significant negative association of seafood consumption with visuo-motor development (CAT-DQ) in 1-3 yo children in Bulak Subdistrict, may be due to heavy metal contamination.

Kata Kunci : Konsumsi hasil laut, perkembangan visual-motor, Kenjeran, batita, seafood consumption, visuo-motor development (CAT-DQ), Kenjeran, 1-3 yo children