ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO CEMARAN Escherichia coli PADA SUSU DI KOPERASI WARGA MULYA (KWM) KABUPATEN SLEMAN

ISKANDAR MUDA, Dr. drh. Yatri Drastini, MSc

2013 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Escherichia coli pada manusia dalam kelompok verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) dapat menyebabkan diare, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), dan kematian. Infeksi tersebut dapat ditularkan akibat manusia mengonsumsi susu yang tercemar E. coli asal sapi dan lingkungannya. Pada penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa 43% sampel tinja di peternak KWM terdeteksi adanya VTEC, oleh karena itu perlu diketahui faktor risiko cemaran E. coli pada susu di KWM. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi faktor risiko cemaran E.coli pada susu dan mengukur peran faktor risiko dalam cemaran susu pada tingkat peternakan. Enam sampel peternak dipilih berdasarkan status VTEC dari tinja pada penelitian sebelumnya. Spesimen berupa susu, air, pakan, swab tangan, swab saringan, swab milkcan dan tinja. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait faktor risiko. Pengambilan spesimen setiap sampel diulang sebanyak tiga kali pada saat pemerahan pagi hari. Total sampel sebanyak 240 sampel (72 susu, 72 swab, 36 air,18 pakan, dan 42 tinja). Diagnosa laboratorium meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli, penghitungan jumlah E. coli (Most Probable Number/NPM tabel 3x3). Isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli dilakukan melalui tahapan uji pendugaan coliform, uji penegasan coliform, uji pendugaan E. coli, uji penegasan E. coli dan uji biokimia Indol-Methyl red-Voges Proskauer-Citrat (IMVIC). Kuesioner meliputi data peternak, data ternak, faktor risiko sebelum dan saat pemerahan, faktor risiko pakan-air, dan pengetahuan peternak tentang higiene pemerahan. Data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dan isolasi E.coli dianalisis secara dekriptif. Penentuan faktor risiko terhadap cemaran E. coli pada susu dianalisis dengan regresi linier menggunakan program SPSS versi 19 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPN E. coli pada susu mulai dari peternak sampai unit pendingin susu di Koperasi mengalami peningkatan. Tingkat cemaran pada susu adalah log 0,70 MPN/ml pada susu yang baru diambil dari ambing; log 0,83 MPN/ml pada milkcan; log 1,02 MPN/ml pada Tempat Penampungan Susu (TPS); dan 1,06 MPN/ml pada unit pendingin di Koperasi. Faktor yang meningkatkan MPN susu yang baru diambil dari ambing adalah swab tangan sebelum pemberian minyak pelicin (logSS = 0,004 + 0,486 (logSWTA)), sedangkan pada susu milkcan adalah swab saringan (logSMC = 0,010 + 0,187 (logSWSAR)), dan pada susu di unit pendingin adalah MPN susu TPS (logSCU = 0,183 + 0,866 (logSTPS)).

In human, E. coli of VTEC group may cause diarhoea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and death. VTEC was transmitted to human by consuming the milk contaminated by E.coli from the cow and environment. Previous research reported 43% of feces samples were detected VTEC. The aim of the research was to identify the risk factor of contaminated milk by E. coli, and to estimate the risk factor on the farm level. Based on six farmer samples were studied VTEC status on the previous research. Specimens were the milk, water, feeds, hand swab, filter swab, milkcans swab, and feces. The questioners were taken to collect the risk factor information. Specimens were taken three times in the morning milking. The total sample were 240 ( 72 milks, 72 swab, 36 water, 18 feeds, and 42 feces). The research methods were isolation and identification of E. coli, and E. coli count (Most Probable Number 3 x 3 table). Isolation and identification of E.coli had be done with coliform estimation test, coliform assertion test, E. coli estimation test, E. coli confirmation test and biochemical testing with IMVIC. The questioners were included farmer data, cows data, risk factor before and after milking, feed-water risk factor, and farmer knowledge of milking hygiene. The data obtained from the questioner and the isolation of E.coli was analyzed descriptively. Determination of the risk factor of the contaminated milk was analyzed by the linear regression using the SPSS programme. The result showed that MPN of E. coli in milk from the dairy farmers to the bulk tank has increased. Contamination levels of E. coli in the milk were log 0,70 MPN/ml) from the cow teats, log 0,83 MPN/ml from the milkcans, log 1,02 MPN/ml from the bulk tank of the milk shelter, and log 1,06 MPN/ml in the cooling unit. The factor increasing the MPN level of the milk from the teats was the hand swab before oiling [logSS = 0,004 + 0,486 (logSWTA)], that of the milkcan was filter swab [logSMC = 0,010 + 0,187 (logSWSAR)], and that of cooling unit was bulk tank shelters [logSCU = 0,183 + 0,866 (logSTPS)].

Kata Kunci : Faktor risiko, cemaran, E. coli, lingkungan, susu