IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN GENETIK SAPI BALI BERDASARKAN POLA WARNA DAN MARKER GEN MELANOCORTIN 1 RECEPTOR (MC1R)
ARNOLD CHRISTIAN TABUN, Tety Hartatik, S.Pt., Ph.D
2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu PeternakanTujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik Sapi Bali betina warna merah bata, hitam dan putih dengan polimorfisme gen Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) dan hubungan pola warna dengan ukuran tubuh dan status fisiologis ternak. Penelitian berlangsung di Desa Pariti dan Oeteta Kecamatan Sulamu Kabupaten Kupang-NTT dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan UGM. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 46 ekor yaitu Sapi Bali betina merah bata 17 ekor, sapi hitam 18 ekor, sapi putih 8 ekor dan 3 ekor Sapi Bali jantan. Koleksi sampel darah sapi, isolasi DNA, PCR, RFLP, sekuensing DNA, pengukuran ukuran tubuh, temperatur rektal, respirasi dan denyut nadi. Hasil visualisasi DNA dihitung frekuensi genotip dan alel, ukuran tubuh dan status fisiologis dianalisis statistik deskriptif dan One Way Anova dengan software SPSS versi 17. PCR gen MC1R Sapi Bali Kupang sebesar 296 bp dan digesti dengan enzim MspI terlihat 2 pita (169, 136 bp) pada Sapi Bali jantan, Sapi Bali betina merah bata, putih dan Sapi hitam serta 3 band (296, 169, 136 bp) pada Sapi Bali Hitam. Identifikasi SNP gen MC1R Sapi Bali Kupang ditemukan 3 SNP yaitu p52T>C; p223C>A, p147C>A. Frekuensi alel (E = 0,99 dan e = 0,01) sehingga Sapi Bali Kupang bersifat monomorfik. Warna bulu pada Sapi Bali betina memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap panjang badan, tinggi gumba, tinggi pinggul, lebar pinggul, lebar kepala dan indeks kepala, tetapi memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap lingkar dada dan panjang kepala pada Sapi Bali putih, merah bata dan hitam berturut-turut adalah (lingkar dada : 155,33 ± 4,64; 142,56 ± 4,04; 142,50 ± 7,59 cm dan panjang kepala : 37,67 ± 1,12; 37,57 ± 1,68; 40,33 ± 0,74). Warna bulu pada Sapi Bali betina berpengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap temperatur rektal, respirasi dan denyut nadi pada Sapi Bali putih, merah bata dan hitam berturut-turut adalah temperatur rektal (39,01; 38,59; 39,28o C), respirasi (41,56; 34,06; 36,56 kali/menit) dan denyut nadi (78,83; 71,11; 75,39 kali/menit). Gen MC1R (Melanocortin 1 Reseptor) sebagai gen penanda warna bulu pada Sapi Bali Kupang dan bersifat monomorfik. Perbedaan warna bulu Sapi Bali betina tidak berpengaruh terhadap ukuran tubuh karena mempunyai genetik yang sama tetapi mempengaruhi status fisiologis ternak karena adanya peningkatan suhu lingkungan.
The study was conducted to identify the genetic diversity of sorrel-, black-, and white Bali cows using melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene polymorphism and to find out the relationships of color patterns with body size and physiological status of the cattle. The study was conducted in the villages of Pariti and Oeteta, Sulama District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara and in the Laboratory of Animal Breeding, University of Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. The samples were seventeen sorrel-, eighteen black-, and eight white Bali cows, and three Bali bulls. Blood was collected from the samples and used in isolation of DNA, PCR, RFLP, DNA sequencing, statistic vital, rectal temperature, respiration, and pulse, were measured. DNA visualization was by counting genotype and allele frequencies. The body size and physiological status were analyzed statically using descriptive statistics and One Way ANOVA. SPSS version 17 Software was used as the statistical analysis tool. The results showed that: PCR to the MC1R-gene of Bali Cattle-originated-Kupang was at 296 bp. The digestion with MspI-enzyme presented that Bali Bulls, sorrel, white and black Bali cows performed two bands (169 and 36 bp) while the black Bali cows performed 3 bands (296, 169, and 136 bp). Identification of Single Nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from MC1R gene sequencing of Bali cattle-originated-Kupang had found nucleotide changes in 3 SNP, which were p52C>T and p223C>A and p147C>T. The frequencies of alleles were E = 0,99 and e = 0,01, indicating that Bali Cattle-originated-Kupang is monomorphic. Coat color in Bali cows was not significant to the body length, shoulders height, height of hip, width of hip, the width of head and head index, but significant effect (P<0,05) against chest circumference and head length in white-, sorrel- and black Bali cows, respectively (chest circumference were 155,33 ± 4,64; 142,56 ± 4,04; 142,50 ± 7,59 cm and head length were 37,67 ± 1,12; 37,57 ± 1,68; 40,33 ± 0,74). Coat color in Bali cows significantly affected (P<0,05) on rectal temperature, respiration and pulse on white, sorrel and black Bali cows, respectively, rectal temperature (39,01; 38,59; 39,28o C), respiration (41,56; 34,06; 36,56 beats/min) and pulse rate (78,83; 71,11; 75,39 beats/min). Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gen as marker gene coat color in Bali Cattle Kupang that is monomorphic. Coat color differences Bali cows had no significant difference in body size is the genetic similarity, but effects the physiological status cattle because the increase in environmental temperature.
Kata Kunci : Gen Melanocortin 1 Receptor, Sapi Bali Betina, Warna Bulu, Ukuran Tubuh, Status Fisiologis.
