Pengaruh Pelatihan “Meditasi Sadar Diri” Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Distres Remaja yang Mengalami Kehamilan Pranikah

Ega Asnatasia Maharani, Prof. Drs. Koentjoro, MBSc., Ph. D., Psi.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Remaja dengan kehamilan pranikah berisiko mengalami distres yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan ibu dan janin. Mindfulness sebagai salah satu strategi emotional coping merupakan alternatif intervensi yang dapat membantu remaja mengatasi kondisi distres yang dialaminya. Pelatihan “Meditasi Sadar Diri” (MSD) yang digunakan sebagai intervensi distres ini menggunakan konsep Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction dan Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Melalui pelatihan MSD ini diharapkan remaja dapat meningkatkan mindfulness sebagai sumber daya koping sehingga pada akhirnya mampu menurunkan distres kehamilan. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah: (1) Ada perbedaan tingkat distres remaja yang mengalami kehamilan pranikah sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pelatihan, tingkat distres remaja setelah mengikuti pelatihan lebih rendah daripada sebelum mengikuti pelatihan. (2) Ada perbedaan tingkat mindfulness remaja sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pelatihan, tingkat mindfulness setelah pelatihan lebih tinggi daripada sebelum mengikuti pelatihan. Partisipan dalam pelatihan adalah remaja usia 15-22 tahun yang mengalami kehamilan pranikah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah action research, dengan model kuasi eksperimen the one group pretestposttest design. Pelatihan MSD dilaksanakan selama 2 minggu, dengan 9 sesi dalam 4 pertemuan berdurasi 150-180 menit per pertemuan. Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan pelatihan MSD mampu menurunkan tingkat distres kehamilan remaja dengan nilai z= -1,841 dan p=0,033 (p<0,05) dan meningkatkan tingkat mindfulness dengan nilai z= 1,841 dan p= 0,033 (p<0,05). Hasil analisis kualitatif menunjukkan partisipan mengalami penurunan pada aspek-aspek distres kehamilan dan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mindfulness yang ditandai dengan adanya kesadaran, fokus pada saat ini, dan sikap responsif.

Adolescents with premarital pregnancy are prone to distress which might affect health of the mother and the fetus. Mindfulness as one of emotional coping strategies was an intervention alternative that might help adolescents to overcome their distress. “Self Awareness Meditation” training (SAM) used in the study was a form of intervention to manage distress which was developed based on the concept of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy. Hypotheses proposed in the study were: (1) There was significant difference between distress level of participants before and after attending the SAM training in which distress level of participants after attending the SAM training was lower than before attending the training, (2) There was significant difference between mindfulness level of participants before and after attending the SAM training, in which mindfulness level of participants after attending the SAM training was higher than before attending the training. Participants involved in the study were adolescents who were 15-22 years old and were experiencing premarital pregnancy. The study was an action research which used quasi experiment model and the one group pretestposttest design. SAM training was conducted for two weeks, involving 9 sessions within 4 days of meeting with duration of 150-180 minutes per meeting. Result of quantitative analysis showed that SAM training could reduce distress level of adolescents with premarital pregnancy which was shown by z score of -1,841 and p = 0,033 (p<0,05) and could also improve mindfulness level of participants which was shown by z score of 1,841 and p= 0,033 (p<0,05). Result of qualitative analysis showed that participants had experienced decrease of distress, particularly in several aspects of pregnancy distress, and had been able to improve their mindfulness skill which was marked by increasing awareness, focus on here and now, and responsive attitude.

Kata Kunci : Kehamilan pranikah, distres, mindfulness, Meditasi Sadar Diri