ADAPTASI KEBUDAYAAN MIGRAN KEMBALI : Studi Kasus Migran China Asal Indonesia di Hua Qiao Nong Chang, Kota Guilin, Propinsi Guangxi

DENG YAO, Dr. G.R. Lono Lastoro Simatupang M. A.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Antropologi

Migran Kembali adalah sekelompok migran yang pulang ke China dan mempunyai latar belakang yang kompleks. Meskipun di dalam pertalian darah mereka adalah orang China, namun mereka lahir dan tumbuh besar di negeri perantauan. Kehidupan mereka mendapat pengaruh yang kuat dari kebudayaan di perantanan. Setelah pulang ke China, mereka harus mengalami proses sosialisasi lagi. Masalah MK bukan hanya masalah kebudayaan dan perasaan, tetapi juga masalah identitas politik. Mereka di negeri perantauan maupun setelah pulang ke China selalu menghadapi kesenjangan dan pergesekan (konflik) dalam kebudayaan, sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Namun mereka harus mampu beradaptasi. Di Guilin Hua Qiao Nong Chang pernah ditempatkan MK dari 12 negara. Di dalam komunitas pluralisits ini terjadi interaksi antara intern MK dan MK dengan penduduk setempat. Kondisi MK memunculkan pertanyaan lebih lanjut mengenai kehidupan mereka di HQNC. Bagaimana MK memaknai “kembali”? Apa yang dipilih atau ditolak oleh mereka untuk beradaptasi dengan kebudayaan yang baru di China? Faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pilihan tersebut? Melalui metode Observasi partisipasi, wawancara serta studi Pustaka saya mencoba mengkaji permasalahan ini. Berfokus pada informasi dari generasi awal yang datang ke China saya mencoba untuk memahami konteks awal kepulangan para MK. Proses adaptasi kebudayan MK merupakan pilihan mereka untuk menolak atau mempertahankan kebudayaan. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi adaptasi kebudayaan yang dilakukan oleh mereka. Selain itu juga penting untuk mengetahui persepsi mereka dalam memaknai “kembali”. Faktor struktur kekhususan HQNC, hubungan kelompok, kebudayaan kehidupan, ideologi, dan dinamika MK mempengaruhi adaptasi mereka. MK secara selektif melakukan adaptasi kebudayaan. Sifat pilihan dan sifat plastis menjadi ciri khusus adaptasi kebudayaan mereka. Sekaligus bagi mereka makna “Kembali” adalah proses mengatur mentalitas untuk beradaptasi dengan kehidupan di China.

Returned overseas Chinese are the special group with a complex background. Although their blood lines are Chinese, they were born and grew up in the country overseas. On their life had a strong influence overseas culture. After returning to China, they had to come through process of socialization again. Problem overseas Chinese who return was not just a matter of culture and feelings, but also a matter of identity politics. Returned overseas Chinese in the country as well as overseas Chinese return to China, always address the gaps and conflict in the cultural, social, politic and economy, but they should be able to adapt. The Guilin farm had become place for Chinese people from 12 countries. In this pluralistic community there is interaction between returned overseas Chinese with the locals. Condition of returned overseas Chinese raises further questions about their lives in overseas Chinese farm. The question that appeared is how the returned overseas Chinese interpret term \\"returned\\"? Do they accept or reject the new Chinese culture? What factors had influence on their choice? I tried to analyze this problem through participatory observation method, interview and literature. Focusing on information from earlier generations who came to China I try to understand the context of the earlier returned overseas Chinese. Cultural adaptation process of returned overseas Chinese become their choice to reject or retain new culture. Many factors influenced the cultural adaptations made by returned overseas Chinese. It is also important to know their perception of the meaning \\"returned\\". The specific structure of farm, group relations, cultural life, ideology, and the dynamics between returned overseas Chinese their influence adaptation. Returned overseas Chinese had selective cultural adaptation. Character choice and plastic become special cultural characteristic adaptation returned overseas Chinese. They are using the term “returned” as the arranging process of adaptation their mentality to the new life in China.

Kata Kunci : Migran Kembali, Adaptasi Kebudayaan, Hua Qiao Nong Chang