PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN ALAT PENGOLAH LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY DENGAN PROSES KOAGULASI DAN FILTRASI

RESSY NOOR RAFIQ, Ir. Agus Prasetya, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Sistem Teknik

Air limbah deterjen termasuk polutan atau zat yang mencemari lingkungan. Toksisitas limbah deterjen terhadap organisme telah banyak diteliti seperti, terhadap gastopoda, ikan nila dan ikan mas. Limbah deterjen juga diidentifikasi mempuyai pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap manusia dan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat pengolah limbah cair laundry skala kecil atau industri rumah tangga dengan pengaruh penambahan koagulan Alum (Al2SO4), dan proses filtrasi karbon aktif terhadap penurunan konsentrasi surfaktan dan fosfat pada limbah cair laundry, sehingga nilai hasil olahan dapat memenuhi standar baku mutu air sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001, dan mengetahui seberapa besar volume limbah yang dapat diolah. Penelitian diawali dengan mendesain dan membuat alat pengolah limbah laundry dengan kapasitas 70 liter untuk satu kali pengolahan kemudian dilanjutkan mengambil dan menguji konsentrasi surfaktan dan fosfat dari air buangan laundry. Pengambilan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan hasil tertinggi konsentrasi surfaktan sebesar 6.594 mg/L dan fosfat sebesar 2.954 mg/L, kemudian dilakukan jartest kepada limbah laundry tersebut dengan penurunan konsentrasi surfaktan dan fosfat terbaik diperoleh dari penambahan koagulan 500 mg/L dengan hasil 1.341 mg/L (79.6%) untuk konsentrasi surfaktan dan 0.044 mg/L (98.33%) untuk konsentrasi fosfat. Pengujian alat pengolah limbah laundry ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan limbah sintetis sebanyak 70 Liter untuk 1 kali proses, air limbah ditampung dalam sebuah wadah kemudian dipompakan ke dalam alat bersama dengan koagulan alum proses filtrasi dilakukan dengan dengan dua variasi debit yaitu 0.0079 L/s dan 0.0045 L/s. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali untuk masing-masing debit, sehingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan penambahan koagulan alum 500 mg/L dan debit 0.045 L/s, alat pengolah limbah laundry dapat digunakan untuk mengolah limbah sebanyak 630 liter.

Laundry wastewater is categorized as pollutant which damages environment. Study about its toxicity regarding to organisms such as gastropods, tilapia and carp have been conducted for years. This waste also has been identified that it indirectly affects mankind and their surroundings. This research aimed to design and create a treatment device for laundry wastewater in household scale includes the addition of Alum (Al2SO4) as a coagulant and active carbon filtration as their significance to declining of surfactant and phosphate level within the laundry wastewater. Furthermore, the results would be able to meet the water quality standards related to Government Regulation number 82 years 2001. Moreover, it is important to know the capacity of waste that can be processed. This research began with designing and developing laundry wastewater processing equipment with a capacity of 70 liters for a one-time processing. It was continued with taking a sample and testing the concentration of surfactant and phosphate from wastewater facilities. This wastewater was utilized three times with the highest concentration of surfactant 6.594 mg/L and 2.954 mg/L phosphate. Jar test then was conducted with the best degradation of surfactant and phosphate occurred by addition of 500 mg/L coagulant. The maximum degradation of surfactant is 1.341 mg/L or equals to 79.6%. Meanwhile, it was 0.44 kg/L or equals to 98.33% for phosphate. Testing process for this laundry wastewater processing equipment was conducted by using 70 Liters synthetic waste for a one-time processing. Laundry wastewater was utilized in a vessel then pumped together with Alum into the equipment. The filtration process was hold by two discharge variations; 0.0079 L/s and 0.0045 L/s. This testing was conducted 5 times for each discharge respectively. It was necessary to obtain the results that by addition of 500 mg/L Alum in 0.0045 L/s discharge, this laundry wastewater processing equipment can be used to treat wastewater as much as 630 liters.

Kata Kunci : limbah laundry, koagulasi, filtrasi, alat pengolah, surfaktan, fosfat