MUTU DAN DAYA SIMPAN BUAH TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ENAM GALUR HARAPAN GENERASI M9 YANG DIHASILKAN DI DATARAN TINGGI

GITA TRIANTIKA, Erlina Ambarwati, S.P., M.P.

2013 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jangka panjang untuk menghasilkan galur murni unggul tomat hasil irradiasi sinar Gamma Co-60. Penelitian telah dimulai sejak tahun 2001 dengan melakukan induksi mutasi pada ‘Intan’. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu dan daya simpan buah tomat M9 yang dihasilkan di dataran tinggi. Sebanyak 6 galur harapan (G20 1/13/25/28/16/13/5, G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16, G40 2/19/9/19/12/13/7, G40 2/15/23/22/13/13/6, G60 3/9/12/34/12/14/16, dan G40 3/15/15/1/13/6/9), ‘Intan’ sebagai kontrol, dan ‘Fortuna’ (hibrida F1) sebagai pembanding ditanam dalam rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan 4 blok sebagai ulangan di Ngipiksari, Sleman (714 m dpl) dan di Laboratorium Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta pada bulan Mei-September 2012. Data mengenai sifat fisik, kimiawi, dan daya simpan buah dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan DMRT pada = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16 memiliki bobot buah per butir dan volume buah lebih besar daripada ‘Intan’ dan ‘Fortuna’; kekerasan buah, kandungan vitamin C, dan kandungan asam tertitrasi lebih tinggi daripada ‘Intan’. G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16 terseleksi sebagai galur harapan berdasarkan bentuk dan warna buah. Buah keenam galur yang dievaluasi berbentuk apel serta memiliki warna merah cerah dan merah gelap. Berdasarkan warna buah tomat, keenam galur yang dievaluasi, sesuai untuk konsumsi buah tomat segar. G20 1/13/25/28/16/13/5 memiliki waktu pematangan buah lebih lama dari ‘Intan’ namun lebih cepat dari ‘Fortuna’, sedangkan keenam galur harapan memiliki umur simpan yang sama dengan ‘Intan’ namun lebih cepat dari ‘Fortuna’.

This research is a part of long efforts to develop superior pure line tomato varieties. It has been started in 2001 by mutation induction of ‘Intan’ variety using Gamma Co-60 radiation. The current research was aimed to evaluate shelf life and fruit quality of selected promising lines of Co-60 irradiated tomatoes in M9 generation produce in the highland. There are 6 selected promising lines of tomatoes (G20 1/13/25/28/16/13/5, G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16, G40 2/19/9/19/12/13/7, G40 2/15/23/22/13/13/6, G60 3/9/12/34/12/14/16, and G40 3/15/15/1/13/6/9) include control variety, i.e. ‘Intan’ and check variety, i.e. ‘Fortuna’ (F1 hybrid) which were planted in Completely Randomized Block Design with four blocks as replications at the highland located in Ngipiksari, Sleman (714 m above the sea level) and in the Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta in May until September 2012. Data of physical and chemical characteristics, and shelf life of tomato fruit were collected and analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT at  = 5%. The result showed that G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16 had fruit weight and fruit volume higher than ‘Intan’ and ‘Fortuna’; fruit firmness, vitamin C content, and titrable acidity higher than ‘Intan’. G20 1/13/25/26/24/11/16 had been selected as promising line based on fruit shape and fruit colour. Fruit shape of six promising lines were apple shape and fruit colour were bright red and dark red. Based on the fruit colour, six promising lines were appropriate to produce fresh fruit tomato. G20 1/13/25/28/16/13/5 had a longer time of fruit ripening of 'Intan' but faster than 'Fortuna', six promising lines had the same shelf life as'Intan' but faster than 'Fortuna '.

Kata Kunci : buah tomat, irradiasi, mutu buah, sifat fisik buah, sifat kimiawi buah