PENGARUH BORON DAN SILIKON TERHADAP PENGUATAN STRUKTUR JARINGAN EPIDERMIS AKAR DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PISANG (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’

SARY PRIHATINI, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P, M.P., Ph.D.

2013 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) mempelajari pengaruh B dan Si terhadap kekuatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar dan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang ambon kuning, 2) menentukan ada atau tidaknya pengaruh interaksi antara B dan Si terhadap kekuatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar dan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang ambon kuning, dan 3) menentukan dosis B dan Si yang optimal untuk menginduksi kekuatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar dan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang ambon kuning. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktorial 5 x 3 dengan tiga blok sebagai ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis B yaitu 0; 1,75; 3,5; 5,25 dan 7 g/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah dosis Si, yaitu 0; 1,151; 2,301; 3,452 dan 4,602 g/tanaman. Variabel yang diamati meliputi aktivitas fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan penguatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar tanaman pisang ambon kuning. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis Varians (ANOVA) pada level 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan jika terdapat beda nyata antar perlakuan. Hubungan antara serapan B dan Si dengan variabel aktivitas fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan penguatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar ditentukan dengan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara B dan Si terhadap semua variabel pertumbuhan, aktivitas fisiologis, maupun kekuatan struktural jaringan epidermis akar tanaman pisang ambon kuning. Peningkatan dosis B yang diaplikasikan hingga 7 g/tanaman menghambat aktivitas fisiologis dan pertumbuhan tanaman karena munculnya efek meracun dari B akibat peningkatan ketersediaan B dalam media tanam melebihi kisaran yang optimal. Unsur Si tidak terserap optimal oleh bibit tanaman pisang ambon kuning, diduga kuat dosis Si yang diaplikasikan mulai dari 1,151-4,602 g/tanaman masih terlalu rendah sehingga tidak berpengaruh terhadap serapan Si maupun aktivitas fisiologis serta kekokohan kormus tanaman pisang.

The research aims were 1) to study the effects of B and Si to the structure strength of root epidermis tissue and growth of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’, 2) to determine whether there were any interaction effects between B and Si on the structure strength of root epidermis tissue and growth of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’, and 3) to determine the optimal doses of B and Si that induce structure strength of root epidermis tissue and growth of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’. The research was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial 5 x 3 with three blocks as replication. The first factor was doses of B, namely 0, 1.75, 3.5, 5.25 and 7 g/plant. The second factor was doses of Si, namely 0, 1.151, 2.301, 3.452 and 4.602 g/plant. The observations were done on physiological activities, growth and structure reinforcement of root epidermis tissue. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level, continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there were significant differences among the treatments. The relationship patterns between B and Si uptake with physiological activities, growth and structure reinforcement of root epidermis tissue were determined using regression analysis. The results showed that there were no interaction effects between B and Si on the growth, physiological activities, and structure strength of root epidermis tissue of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’. Increasing doses of B up to 7 g/plant inhibit the physiological activities and growth of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’ due to the emergence of B toxicity effects. Boron toxicity effects were induced by the increase of B availability in the media, exceeds the optimal range of B. The Si was not optimally absorbed by the banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’, allegedly Si dose was too low so it does not affect the absorption of Si and physiological activities as well as corms firmness of banana (Musa) ‘Ambon Kuning’.

Kata Kunci : pisang, boron, silikon, pertumbuhan, kekuatan struktur jaringan