PENYAMAKAN KULIT IKAN NILA MERAH MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK REBUSAN DAUN GAMBIR

LUKMAN FARID, Dr. Ir. Latif Sahubawa, M.Si.

2013 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kadar tanin pada ekstrak rebusan daun gambir dan pengaruhnya terhadap mutu fisik dan kimia kulit nila merah tersamak serta mengkaji nilai ekonomi dan penerimaan konsumen dari produk kulit komersial. Penelitian didesain dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktor tunggal konsentrasi ekstrak rebusan daun gambir, dengan 5 perlakuan masing-masing : 5% (a1); 7,5% (a2); 10% (a3); 12,5% (a4); dan 15% (a5) dari berat kulit yang disamak dengan 3 kali ulangan. Parameter mutu kulit yang diamati yaitu berupa ketebalan (mm), kekuatan tarik (N/cm2), kemuluran (%), kekuatan sobek (N/cm), suhu kerut (ºC), kelemasan (mm), dan kadar lemak (%). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis varian, dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada tingkat signifikansi 95% (α. 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar tanin dari ekstrak rebusan daun gambir sebesar 7,32%. Faktor sebagai sumber perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan kulit, kadar lemak, kelemasan, dan suhu kerut, tapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, dan kemuluran. Perlakuan konsentrasi gambir 15% (a5) merupakan perlakuan terbaik karena telah menghasilkan kualitas kulit nila merah tersamak yang memenuhi syarat mutu sesuai SNI 06-4586-1998 tentang kulit jadi dari kulit ular air tawar samak krom. Nilai ekonomi kulit mentah = Rp. 2.000/lembar; kulit tersamak = Rp. 9.750/lembar; dan produk kulit komersial (sarung tangan) = Rp. 145.875/pasang. Produk sarung tangan kulit nila merah dapat diterima oleh konsumen berdasarkan parameter kesukaan, kebutuhan dan kenyamanan, dan harga.

The research objective was to determine the levels of tannins in leaf extracts stew of gambier and its effect on the physical and chemical quality of red tilapia skin tanned and assess the economic value and consumer acceptance of commercial skin products. The study was designed with a single-factor completely randomized design gambier leaf extract concentration, with 5 treatments each: 5% (a1), 7.5% (a2), 10% (a3), 12.5% (a4), and 15 % (a5) of heavy leather tanned with 3 replications. Quality parameters were observed in the form of skin thickness (mm), tensile strength (N/cm2), elongation at break (%) , tear strength (N / cm), temperature wrinkle (º C), enervation (mm), and fat content (%) . The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 95% significance level (α. 0.05). Based on the research results, levels of tannins from the leaf extracts stew of gambier 7.32%. Factor as a significant source of treatment for skin thickness, fat content, enervation, and the temperature of wrinkles, but no effect on tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break. Treatment gambir concentration of 15% (a5) is the best treatment because it has been producing quality red tilapia tanned leather that meets the quality requirements in accordance with SNI 06-4586-1998 on finished leather of snake skin leather chrome freshwater. The economic value of raw leather = Rp. 2.000/sheet; tanned skin = Rp. 9.750/sheet; commercial and leather products (gloves) = Rp. 145.875/set. Products leather gloves red tilapia can be accepted by consumers based on preference parameters, needs and comfort, and price.

Kata Kunci : gambir, kulit nila merah, mutu kulit, nilai ekonomi, penyamakan