GENETIC GAIN DAN DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION CALON INDUK NILA PUTIH (Oreochromis sp.) JANTI STRAIN SINGAPURA F5 UMUR 5 BULAN YANG DIPELIHARA DI KOLAM AIR DERAS

YULIANA SANTI RAHAYU, Dr. Ir. Bambang Triyatmo, M.P.

2013 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian telah dilakukan terhadap calon induk nila putih (Oreochromis sp.) janti strain singapura (SS) generasi kelima (F5). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai genetic gain (perbaikan genetik) generasi kelima (F5) dibandingkan generasi keempat (F4) dan untuk mengetahui nilai differential selection (seleksi diferensial) rerata berat top 100 ekor dibandingkan rerata berat populasi calon induk nila. Calon induk nila putih janti strain singapura (SS) (umur 4 bulan) dipelihara di kolam air deras selama satu bulan. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap calon induk nila putih janti strain singapura (SS) umur 5 bulan dengan metode seleksi individu (selective breeding / program pemuliaan secara seleksi). Calon induk nila putih janti strain singapura (SS) yang diamati sebanyak 400 ekor jantan dan 400 ekor betina. Pengambilan nila putih tersebut dilakukan secara acak. Pengamatan ikan dilakukan terhadap berat, panjang, dan sintasan serta jumlah pakan yang digunakan selama masa pemeliharaan dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai genetic gain (perbaikan genetik) dari rerata berat calon induk nila putih janti strain singapura (SS) umur 5 bulan generasi kelima (F5) terhadap generasi keempat (F4) jantan sebesar 30,12 % dan betina 27,92 %. Nilai genetic gain (perbaikan genetik) ini lebih baik dibandingkan beberapa penelitian selective breeding (program pemuliaan secara seleksi) nila yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Rerata berat top 100 ekor calon induk nila putih janti strain singapura (SS) umur 5 bulan dari generasi kelima (F5) (184,03 ± 22,87 g sampai dengan 224,88 ± 24,31 g) lebih besar dibandingkan rerata berat populasinya (131,27 ± 38,98 g sampai dengan 163,31 ± 47,17 g). Nilai differential selection (seleksi diferensial) calon induk nila tersebut untuk jantan 37,70 g dan betina 40,19 g. Ukuran berat populasi nila jantan kurang bervariasi dibandingkan nila betina.

Research has been done to 5 months white tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) breeders of fifth generation (F5) singapore strain (SS) janti. The purpose of this research was to know the genetic gain value of 5 months white tilapia breeders of fifth generation (F5) singapore strain janti compared with fourth generation (F4) and to revealed the differential selection value of 5 months white tilapia breeders of fifth generation (F5) singapore strain janti from average weight of top 100 compared to average weight of the population. The tilapia cultured in running water system for a month. The research performed with 5 months white tilapia breeders of singapore strain (SS) janti through individual selection method (selective breeding). The white tilapia breeders of singapore strain (SS) used in this research consisted of 400 male and 400 female. The selection of the white tilapia was done randomly. Parameter measured included total weight, length, survival rate, feed amount and water quality for culturing. The result showed that the fifth generation (F5) had increasing weight growth of each individual with genetic gain value against the forth generation (F4) was 30,12 % for the male and 27,92 % for female. The genetic gain value was better than several other selective breeding of tilapia before. The top 100 average weight of the 5 months white tilapia breeders of fifth generation (F5) singapore strain janti (184,03 ± 22,87 g to 224,88 ± 24,31 g) was higher than average weight of the population (131,27 ± 38,98 g to 163,31 ± 47,17 g). The differential selection value of white tilapia breeders was 37,70 g for male and 40,19 g for female. The weight of male tilapia population was less various than female ones.

Kata Kunci : selective breeding, seleksi individu, genetic gain, differential selection, nila putih janti strain singapura