ISOLASI BAKTERI PROTEOLITIK AIR BUDIDAYA IKAN DAN KEMAMPUANNYA DALAM HIDROLISIS PROTEIN

ARIFA ZUCHROTUNNISA, Dr. Ir. Ngadiman, M.Si.

2013 | Skripsi | MIKROBIOLOGI PERTANIAN

Bakteri proteolitik merupakan bakteri yang mampu memecah protein dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam mengurangi cemaran protein dalam air kolam perikanan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri proteolitik yang unggul dari air kolam budidaya ikan. Sumber isolat berasal dari campuran lumpur dan air kolam perikanan budidaya bandeng, udang, lele dumbo dan gurami. Isolasi bakteri proteolitik dilakukan dengan metode pour platepada medium skim milk agar. Seleksi kualitatif didasarkan pada zona hidrolisis pada medium skim milk agar, sedangkan seleksi kuantitatif menggunakan metode Lowry. Morfologi sel dan koloni serta beberapa sifat fisiologis juga diamati untuk mengetahui karakteristik isolat hasil seleksi. Pengujian isolat terpilih pada media alami secara in vitrodilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan isolat merombak protein dalam medium alami. Sejumlah 84 bakteri proteolitik diperoleh dalam isolasi ini, kemudian terseleksi 16 isolat unggul dengan aktivitas enzim spesifik berkisar antara 1,76-20,196 unit/mg. Isolat terpilih mempunyai sifat morfologi dan fisiologi yang beragam. Introduksi isolatterpilih pada air kolam budidaya bandeng, udang, gurami, dan lele dumbo berturut-turut dapat meningkatkan laju degradasi protein sebesar 35, 36, 25, dan 55%.

Proteolytic bacteria is a group ofbacteria that play role in degrading protein and could be used in decreasing protein in aquaculture pond. This research was aimed to obtain isolates of proteolytic bacteria thathave high capability in hydrolyzing protein from aquaculture ponds. Sources of the bacteria were sludge and water mixture of milkfish, shrimp, african catfish, and giant gouramy aquaculture ponds. The proteolytic bacteria were isolated by pour plating on skim milk agar medium. Qualitative selection was based on hydrolysis zone in the skim milk agar medium, and quantitative selection was done by Lowry method. Morphological and physiological tests were also observed to determine the isolates characters. In vitrotest on natural media was assayed to know proteolytic activity of the selected isolates. Eighty four proteolytic bacteria were isolated from the samples among them, sixteenisolates were selected having specific enzyme activity 1,76 - 20,196 unit/mg protein. The selected isolates have various morphological and physiological characters. Introduction of the selected isolates in aquaculture water of milkfish, shrimp, giant gouramy, and african catfish could increase the protein degradation rate 35, 36, 25, and 55 %.

Kata Kunci : Air budidaya ikan, bakteri proteolitik, karakterisasi, uji in vitro