DIVERSITAS, KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT ROOSTING, DAN ANALISIS MANGSA ALAMI KELELAWAR SUBORDO MICROCHIROPTERA PENGHUNI GUA DI KAWASAN KARST TUBAN DAN KARST MENOREH

Tatag Bagus Putra Prakarsa, Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Indonesia disebut sebagai negara Megabiodiversity. Variasi bentang alam, letak secara altitud dan latitud, dan bentuk kepulauan semakin mendukung besarnya biodiversitas yang dimiliki Indonesia. Salah satu variasi bentang alam adalah kawasan karst, termasuk karst Tuban dan Menoreh. Kawasan karst memiliki keunikan biodiversitas di endokarst dan eksokarst. Kelelawar Subordo Microchiroptera adalah salah satu bagian biodiversitas di endokarst. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan diversitas kelelawar penghuni gua di kawasan karst Tuban dan Menoreh, mengetahui karakteristik habitat roosting kelelawar penghuni gua di kawasan karst Tuban dan Menoreh, dan mengetahui biomassa serangga yang mampu dimangsa kelelawar penghuni gua di kawasan karst Tuban dan Menoreh dalam satu malam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2012 di 12 gua di kawasan karst Tuban dan Menoreh. Pemilihan gua berdasarkan kondisi fisik dan geomorfologi yang mewakili seluruh gua pada masing-masing kawasan karst. Diversitas diukur dengan Shimpson’s Diversity Index, karakteristik habitat roosting didasarkan pada parameter mikroklimatik gua, kedalaman lorong, tinggi atap gua, luas roosting site, tekstur atap gua yang digunakan sebagai roosting site, dan biomassa serangga mangsa diukur dengan perbandingan berat tubuh kelelawar sebelum dan setelah mencari mangsa. Diversitas secara umum kelelawar Subordo Microchiroptera penghuni gua di kawasan karst Menoreh lebih tinggi di bandingkan karst Tuban. Namun, diversitas taksik karst Tuban lebih tinggi dibandingkan karst Menoreh. Terdapat dua kelompok kelelawar Subordo Microchiroptera penghuni gua di kawasan karst Tuban dan Menoreh berdasarkan karakteristik habitat roostingnya, yaitu Cosmopolite Roosting Site dan Specific Roosting Site. Keberadaan kelelawar roosting di dalam gua dipengaruhi faktor utama: kerusakan ekosistem gua dan lingkungan sekitar gua, intensitas gangguan manusia terhadap gua, dekat dengan sumber mangsa, kompetisi roosting site, dan terdapat sumber air atau dekat dengan sumber air. Rata-rata kelelawar Subordo Microchiroptera penghuni gua di karst Tuban dan Menoreh mampu memangsa seberat 29,15% dari berat tubuhnya. Beberapa spesies mampu memangsa hingga 2,5 kali dari berat tubuhnya. Seluruh populasi kelelawar di gua karst Tuban dan Menoreh mampu memangsa 263.201.290 individu serangga dalam satu malam.

Indonesia called as Megabiodiversity Countries. Variation of landscape, altitude and latitude, and the archipelago form supported the large biodiversity of Indonesia. One of landscape variation is karstic area, including Tuban and Menoreh karstic area. Karstic area has biodiversity uniqueness in endokast and exokarst. Microchiropteran bat is a part of biodiversity in endokarst. This research were aimed to determine difference level of bats-cave diversity in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area, determine roosting habitat caracteristic of bats-cave in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area, and determine prey biomass of bats-cave in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area in one night. The research began in July until October 2012 in 12 cave of Tuban and Menoreh karstic area. The selection of caves by physical and geomorphological condition, that representative all of caves at each karstic area. The diversity is measured by Shimpson’s diversity index, roosting habitat caracteristic based on cave microclimatic, chamber depth from entrance, high of roosting site, wide of roosting site, texture of roosting site, and pre biomass of bats-cave were measured by the ratio of body weight before and after hunting prey. Generally, microchiropteran bats-cave diversity in Menoreh is higher than Tuban karstic area. But, taksic diversity in Tuban higher than Menoreh karstic area. There are two groups microchiropteran bats-cave in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area based on roosting habitat caracteristic, namely cosmopolite roosting site and specific roosting site. Roosting of bats-cave was influenced by many factors, they are damage of cave ecosystem and the environment around the cave, intensity of human disturbance to the cave, near the source of prey, roosting site competition, and there is a water source or close to water sources. The average Microchiropteran bats in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area able to prey 29.15% of their body weight. Some species are able to prey up to 2.5 from the body weight. All population of bats-cave in Tuban and Menoreh karstic area able to prey 263,201,290 individual of insects in one night.

Kata Kunci : Kelelawar, Microchiroptera, Diversitas, Habitat Roosting, Mangsa Alami