KEANEKARAGAMAN CORTICOLOUS LICHEN DAN PREFERENSI INANGNYA DENGAN Erythrina lithosperma Miq., Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vr. dan Engelhardtia spicata Blume DI BUKIT BIBI, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI

Puspita Ratna Susilawati, Dr. Rina Sri Kasiamdari

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Lichen (lumut kerak) merupakan asosiasi fungi dan simbion fotosintetik membentuk talus yang stabil dan spesifik. Corticolous lichens merupakan jenis lichen yang ditemukan hidup sebagai epifit pada substrat kulit batang. Corticolous lichens merupakan komponen penting ekosistem hutan sebagai organisme autotrof penyumbang biomassa dalam ekosistem tersebut serta peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan akibat pencemaran udara dan perubahan iklim. Keberadaan suatu jenis lichen sangat tergantung pada pohon inangnya (phorophyte-nya) karena beberapa jenis lichen memilih jenis pohon tertentu sebagai inang. Informasi host specificity penting bagi red-listed lichen species untuk tujuan konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari keanekaragaman jenis corticolous lichen dan karakter substrat kulit batang yang menjadi inangnya serta mempelajari preferensi inang 5 jenis lichen dominan dan 2 jenis lichen terpilih di Bukit Bibi, TNGM terhadap E. lithosperma, P. merkusii dan E. spicata di lokasi tersebut. Pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan Mei-Juni 2012 di Bukit Bibi (Resort Musuk-Cepogo TNGM), Kabupaten Boyolali. Sampling keanekaragaman lichen dengan metode jelajah. Koleksi spesimen dibuat herbarium dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi; anatomi (talus dan spora), spot test dan uji mikrokristal. Karakterisasi substrat kulit batang meliputi tekstur, kelembaban substrat, kapasitas mengikat air dan pH. Preferensi inang antara 7 jenis lichen dengan E. lithosperma, P. merkusii dan E. spicata dihitung dari frekuensi (present/absent) 7 jenis lichen pada 2 plot melingkar 40 pohon (ketinggian 1,3 m dan 50 cm dari permukaan tanah). Preferensi inang lichen ditentukan dengan Cole’s Index of Interspesific Association dan uji signifikansi dengan analisis Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keanekaragaman corticolous lichen meliputi 48 jenis dari 25 genus dan 15 familia (12 fruticose, 12 foliose dan 24 crustose). Pohon yang menjadi inang meliputi 17 jenis dengan karakter bervariasi, yaitu tekstur halus sampai kasar dengan celah/ retakan yang dalam; kelembaban substrat 8,03-63,18%; kapasitas mengikat air 56,06-153,33%; dan kisaran pH asam (5,05-5,89). Analisis preferensi inang menunjukkan 1 pasangan lichen-phorophyte dengan tipe asosiasi constant positive specificity, 5 pasangan some positive specificity, 7 pasangan no specificity, 4 pasangan some negative specificity dan 4 pasangan constant negative specificity. Kandidat inang spesifik dijumpai pada tipe asosiasi constant positive specificity antara Cladonia dengan P. merkusii.

Lichens (lumut kerak) is an association between fungi and photosynthetic simbiont forming a stable and specific thallus. Corticolous lichens is lichen species which is found as an epiphyte in bark substrate. Corticolous lichens is an important component of forest ecosystem as an autotroph organism which contribute to the ecosystem biomass and sensitive to the environmental exchange caused by air pollution and climate exchange. The present of a lichen depends on its host tree (phorophyte) because some lichens species choose some specific tree as a host. Information of host specificity is very important for red-listed lichens species to conservation purpose. The aims of this research were to study the species diversity of corticolous lichens and the characteristics of bark substrate as their host and study the host preferences of 5 dominant lichens species and 2 selected lichens species at Bibi Hill, Merapi Volcano National Park with E. lithosperma, P. merkusii dan E. spicata at that location. The field data collection was done in Mei-Juni 2012 at Bibi Hill (Resort Musuk-Cepogo), Boyolali Regency. Sampling of lichen diversity was done using exploration method. Specimens collection were made to herbariums and identified based on morphological, anatomical (thallus and spore), spot test and microcrystals analysis. The substrate characterization included texture, moisture content, moisture capacity and pH. Host preferences among 7 lichens species and E. lithosperma, P. merkusii and E. spicata were calculated based on the frequency (present/absent) of 7 lichens species on 2 round quadrates from 40 trees (1,3 m and 50 cm height above the ground). Lichens host preference was determinated by Cole’s Index of Interspesific Association and signification analysis by Chi-square. The result showed that the diversity of corticolous lichen included 48 species from 25 genus and 15 family (12 fruticose, 12 foliose dan 24 crustose). The host trees were from 17 species with various characteristics, which were smooth texture up to rough with deep crevise; moisture content 8,03-63,18%; moisture capacity 56,06-153,33%; and acid pH ranging from 5,05-5,89. Host preference analysis showed that there was a pair of lichen-phorophyte with constant positive specificity association type, 5 pairs of some positive specificity, 7 pairs of no specificity, 4 pairs of some negative specificity and 4 pairs of constant negative specificity. Candidate of host specific showed constant positive specificity association type between Cladonia and P. merkusii.

Kata Kunci : keanekaragaman, corticolous lichen, preferensi inang (host-specificity)