TINJAUAN STRUKTUR, PERILAKU DAN KINERJA PEMASARAN SAPI POTONG LOKAL DAN DAGING SAPI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

HENDRA KOESMARA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudi Nurtini, S.U.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk saluran pemasaran, menghitung bagian harga yang diterima peternak dan pedagang perantara, menganalisis efisiensi dan margin pemasaran serta mengetahui struktur, perilaku dan penampilan pasar didalam pemasaran sapi potong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan November 2011, di Kabupaten Aceh Besar Provinsi Aceh. Materi penelitian ini adalah petani peternak sapi potong dan pedagang perantara yang berperan dalam pemasaran ternak sapi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan serta mengadakan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada masingmasing responden. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variablevariable yang diamati secara bersamaan terhadap margin pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 2 saluran pemasaran, saluran pemasaran I dari peternak ke konsumen akhir melalui 2 pelaku pasar yaitu mugee dan pedagang daging, sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran II dari peternak ke konsumen akhir hanya melalui 1 pelaku pasar yaitu pedagang daging. Pada saluran pemasaran I margin pemasaran pada mugee sebesar Rp 1.026.293,10/ekor dan pada pedagang daging sebesar Rp 1.883.045,98/ekor, sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran II margin pemasaran pedagang daging sebesar Rp 2.944.838,00/ekor. Koefisien determinasi pada analisis regresi integrasi pasar sebesar 0,996, dengan ß < 1 yang berarti pasar yang kurang terintegrasi dan dari hasil analisis elastisitas transmisi harga diperoleh Et < 1 yang bearati in elastis. Koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.337321 yang berarti margin pemasaran ternak sapi dapat dijelaskan secara bersama-sama sebesar 33,73% oleh biaya pemasaran, harga di tingkat peternak dan jumlah pedagang perantara. Hasil pengujian terhadap biaya pemasaran (x1) berpengaruh nyata (P<0,1) terhadap margin pemasaran, harga di tingkat peternak (x2) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap margin pemasaran dan jumlah pedagang perantara (x3) tidak berpengaruh terhadap margin pemasaran. Dari hasil analisis regresi integrasi pasar, elastisitas transmisi harga, margin pemasaran, struktur, perilaku dan penampilan pasar dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem pemasaran sapi potong di Kabupaten Aceh Besar tidak efisien hal ini dapat diketahui dari lemahnya posisi tawar peternak

This research was conducted to identify the forms of marketing channels, to calculate the price received by farmers and middlemen, to analyze the efficiency and marketing margins as well as knowing the structure, the market’s behavior and performance on the marketing of beef cattle. The research was conducted from May to November 2011, at the district of Aceh Besar, the province of Aceh. The materials of the study were beef cattle farmers and middlemen who are involved in the marketing of cattle. The method used in this study was a survey method and direct observations in the field and interviews using questionnaires to each respondent. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of simultaneous variables observed on the marketing margin. The results showed that there were two marketing channel, marketing channel I was from farmers to the final consumer through two market participants namely mugee and meat traders, while the marketing channel II was from farmers to consumers through only one end market participants namely meat traders. In the marketing channels I, marketing margin of mugee and the meat traders were Rp 1,026,293.10/head and Rp 1,883,045.98 /head respectively, while in the marketing channel II, marketing margin of the meat traders was Rp 2,944,838.00/head. The determination coefficient in regression analysis of market integration was 0.996, with ß <1, which means that market is less integrated and the analysis of price transmission elasticity was Et <1 which mean that market was in elastic condition. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.337321, which means that 33.73% of cattle marketing margin can be explained jointly by the marketing costs, the price at the farmer level and the numbers of middlemen. The analysis also showed that marketing costs (x1) had significantly effect (P <0.1) on the marketing margin, the price at the farmer level (x2) had highly significant effect (P <0.01) on the marketing margin while the numbers of middlemen (x3) did not have significant effect on the marketing margin. Based on the result of the regression analysis of market integration, the elasticity of price transmission, marketing margins, structure, behavior and appearance, it can be said that beef cattle marketing system in Aceh Besar district was inefficient, it can be known from the weak bargaining position of farmers.

Kata Kunci : Struktur, Perilaku, Kinerja, Sapi Potong