UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK PROTEIN DAUN MIRABILIS JALAPA L. TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS DAN PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES

ARSA WAHYU NUGRAHANI, Prof. Sismindari, SU., Ph.D., Apt.,

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

RIPs Mirabilis jalapa L. diketahui memiliki banyak aktivitas seperti pemotongan DNA superkoil untai ganda, aktivitas rRNA N-glikosidase, aktivitas antikanker, antiinflamasi dan menghambat pertumbuhan nodul. Jerawat disebabkan oleh penyumbatan pori kulit dan penimbunan sebum yang mengandung bakteri. Penelitian sebelumnya telah melaporkan bahwa RIPs ME1 dan ME2 dari Mirabilis expansa memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri dan antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri RIPs daun Mirabilis jalapa L. terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes sebagai bakteri penyebab jerawat. Selain itu, juga mempelajari proses penghambatan dan atau kematian sel bakteri tersebut. Isolasi protein dari daun Mirabilis jalapa L. menggunakan pelarut aseton untuk mengendapkan protein, kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas pemotongan DNA superkoil untai ganda. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dan penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) serta Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Proses penghambatan dan atau kematian sel bakteri dianalisis melalui uji kebocoran sel. RIPs yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak protein Mirabilis jalapa L. mempunyai aktivitas pemotongan DNA superkoil untai ganda. Ekstrak protein mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan nilai KHM 10 mg/mL dan bersifat bakteriostatik mulai loading ekstrak protein 250 µg. Proses penghambatan pertumbuhan sel bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis yang diduga melalui mekanisme kerusakan dinding sel karena adanya asam nukleat, protein, ion K+ dan Ca2+ pada lingkungan di luar sel bakteri tidak terbukti. Sedangkan terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, ekstrak protein Mirabilis jalapa L. tidak memberikan aktivitas sebagai antibakteri.

RIPs Mirabilis jalapa L. has been known to have many activities such as cleavage supercoiled double-stranded DNA, RNA N-glycosidase activity, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory and inhibition of the growth of nodules on animals. Pathogenesis of acne is caused by clogged pores in the skin and sebum accumulation caused by bacteria. Previous studies have reported that RIPs ME1 and ME2 from Mirabilis expansa have the antibacterial and antifungal activity. This study is therefore aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Mirabilis jalapa’s L. RIPs against bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes bacterium that are involved in acne pathogenesis will be also studied in this research mechanism of inhibition of bacterial growth and bacterial cell death. Protein from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves was precipitated using acetone and then the resulted protein was tested on the activity of supercoiled DNA double strand cleavage. Antibacterial activity was tested using diffusion method while the determination of MIC and MBC was carried out by dilution method. Process of bacterial inhibition and cell death were analyzed by leakage test cell. Result of this study showed that RIPs contained in protein extracts Mirabilis jalapa L. have activity of supercoiled DNA double strand cleavage. The protein extracts have antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC value of 10 mg / mL and is included as bacteriostatic (start from 250 µg of loading protein extract). The process of cell growth inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis presumably through the mechanism of cell wall damage due to the presence of nucleic acids, proteins, ions K+ and Ca2+ on the outside of the bacterial cell. Mirabilis jalapa L. extract protein does not provide the antibacterial activity on Propionibacterium acnes.

Kata Kunci : Mirabilis jalapa L., RIPs, aktivitas antibakteri