TATA RUANG KAMPUNG RUTENG PU’U BERBASIS PERSEKUTUAN

thomas sudaryanto hambur, Prof. Ir. Sudaryono, M.Eng.,Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Kampung tradisional merupakan entitas budaya yang berisi nilai dan hakikat hidup masyarakat lokal yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Ruteng pu’u sebagai kampung tradisional mengandung unsur-unsur kearifan lokal seperti konsep penataan ruang, pola dan struktur ruang dan peruntukan ruang kawasan. Kampung Ruteng pu’u terletak di ibukota kabupaten Manggarai yaitu kota Ruteng. Dewasa ini keberadaan kampung Ruteng pu’u semakin tergerus oleh perubahan dan perkembangan kota Ruteng. Eksplorasi serta pendeskripsian konsep kearifan lokal dalam konteks tata ruang perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya melestarikan budaya lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memperoleh gambaran mengenai konsep tata ruang kampung tradisional Ruteng pu’u berdasarkan persepsi penghuni kampung, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan tata ruang kampung serta mendeskripsikan perubahan yang terjadi terkait konsep tata ruang kampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengkaji konsep tata ruang kampung tradisional. Responden dalam penelitian ini mencakup warga yang tinggal dalam kawasan kampung Ruteng pu’u yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tata ruang kampung Ruteng pu’u berpangkal pada konsep persekutuan yang terbentuk dari pertama keseharian warga(sejarah, aktivitas, dinamika sosial), kedua Nilai kehidupan warga (nilai religius, nilai sosial dan nilai ekonomi), ketiga struktur ruang dan pola ruang (orientasi ruang, korelasi dan pembagian ruang). Berdasarkan konsep tersebut maka tata ruang kampung Ruteng pu’u dapat diklasifikasikan dalam tiga bagian yakni tata ruang dalam skala mikro (rumah adat dan rumah warga), meso (kampung), dan makro (kampung, tanah ulayat), hutan, mata air, dan pekuburan). Perkembangan kota Ruteng berdampak langsung maupun tidak langsung pada eksistensi kampung Ruteng pu’u. Dalam konteks tata ruang kampung, perubahan terjadi pada fungsi dan bentuk ruang sementara nilai ruang atau tempat tidak berubah. Kondisi tersebut mengharuskan campur tangan semua pihak dalam mengupayakan keberlangsungan kampung tradisional Ruteng pu’u.

The traditional village is a cultural entity that contains value and the essence of life of the communities that are passed hereditary. Ruteng Pu'u as a traditional village contains indigenous elements such as spatial concepts, land use, patterns and structure of space. Ruteng Pu'u village located in the Ruteng town that is the capital regency of Manggarai. Today, the village of Ruteng Pu'u existence are getting eroded by the changes and development of Ruteng. Exploration and description of the local knowledge concept in the spatial planning context needs to be done as an effort to preserve local culture. The purpose of this study is to describe the spatial arrangement concept of Ruteng Pu'u traditional village according to the occupant's perception, and identifying the factors that affect the forming of the village spatial structure and also to describe the changes related to spatial concepts. This study used a phenomenological approach with qualitative descriptive methods to assess the concept of a traditional village. Respondents in the study were selected purposively that is including people living in the village of Ruteng Pu’u The results showed that the spatial arrangement of Ruteng Pu'u villages based on the concept of partnership that is formed by, first daily life (history, activity, social dynamics), second value of life (religious value, social value and economic value), third spatial structure and spatial patterns (spatial orientation, correlation and division of space). Based on the concept of partnership, the spatial arrangement of the Ruteng Pu'u village can be classified into three parts, namely micro-spatial scale (custom house and houses), meso-spatial scale (village), and macro-spatial scale (village, communal land), forests, springs, and cemetery). The development of Ruteng town has the impacts directly and indirectly to the existence of Ruteng Pu'u village. In the context of the village spatial arrangement, changes occur in the function and shape of the space, while the value of space does not change. These conditions require the intervention of all parties in pursuing sustainability of Ruteng Pu'u traditional village. In the context of spatial arrangement, changes occur in the function and shape of the room, while the value of the room or the place does not change. These conditions require the intervention of all parties in pursuing the sustainability of Ruteng Pu'u traditional village.

Kata Kunci : Tata ruang, Kampung tradisional, Persekutuan