PEMBINAAN KERUKUNAN HIDUP ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA PASCA KONFLIK TAHUN 1999 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN WILAYAH (STUDI DI KOTA AMBON PROVINSI MALUKU)

JOHN ELIWOD DE FRETES, Prof. Dr. Kodiran, MA,

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) untuk mengetahui pembinaan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama pasca konflik tahun 1999 (2) mengkaji implikasi pembinaan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama terhadap ketahanan wilayah di Ambon Maluku. Penelitian ini berguna untuk: (1) menjadi bahan masukan bagi proses diskursus akademis dan memperkaya dunia kepustakaan demi pengembangan ilmu secara luas, serta penerapan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama sebagai wujud kekuatan ketahanan wilayah (manfaat teoritis), (2) kepada pemerintah Provinsi Maluku, masyarakat kota Ambon dan pemerhati, dalam mempertimbangkan dan menentukan kebijakan-kebijakan guna mewujudkan hakikat kerukunan yang dibangun atas dasar kesucian ajaran agama serta membangun konsep kerukunan yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat Ambon Maluku. (3) kepada peneliti sebagai hasil perpaduan yang komprehensif dan koheren antara teori-teori di masa kuliah dan praksis di lapangan (manfaat praktis). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku terhadap tokoh lintas agama, tokoh adat dan masyarakat yang berdomisili di kota Ambon. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan mewancarai Gubernur Maluku, pemerintah desa (bapak raja), tokoh lintas agama, tokoh adat, Dandim dan Kapolres sebagai Informan kunci. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama pasca konflik tahun 1999 dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan wilayah, belum berjalan dengan baik. Setidaknya ada empat (4) faktor penghambat kerukunan beragama di Ambon. Empat faktor penghambat itu antara lain: (1) penodaan agama, (2) primordialisme sempit, (3) kegiatan aliran sempalan, dan (4) kepadatan penduduk yang menghambat kerukunan dalam bentuk pella-gandong. Diperlukan pembinaan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama di Ambon yang berbasis pada konsep “agree in disagreement antara lain: (1) sosialisasi peraturan perundang-undangan tentang kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama, (2) solidaritas kemasyarakatan, (3) keteladanan pemimpin agama dan pemerintah, dan (4) pilar dialog antar umat beragama secara progresif dan intensif akan berimplikasi terhadap ketahanan wilayah baik terhadap ketahanan Ideologi Pancasila dan UUD 1945, Hankam, Pendidikan maupun ketahanan ekonomi di Ambon Maluku.

This study is intended to; (1) determine the guiding of reconciliation process among religion’s members in post-conflict Ambon 1999, (2) determine the implications of the reconciliation process toward the territorial resilience in Ambon, Maluku This study is useful as; (1) an input to academic discourse process and enriching the literature of the science, as well as the application of inter-religious harmony as a manifestation of the power of territorial resilience (theoretical benefits), (2) an input to the government of Maluku province, Ambon’s people and observers in considering and determining policies in order to realize the essence of inter-religious harmony which is built on the basis of religion’s sanctity and to establish the concept of harmony based on the condition of Ambon’s society, (3) a comprehensive and coherent integration results between theories and practices (practical use). This research was conducted in Ambon city, Maluku province. The objects of the research are religious leaders, socialite, and customary leaders who live in Ambon city. The researcher used qualitative approach by interviewing the Maluku Governor, local government (bapak raja), religious leaders, customary leaders, and the Dandim (Chief of Military Command) and Kapolres (Chief of Resort) as the main interviewees. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that the formation of inter-religious harmony after the conflict in 1999 and the implications toward territorial resilience have not ran well. Therefore, it still needs a progressive and intensive counseling in Ambon by the government and all stakeholders. There are, at least, four (4) inhibiting factors of inter-religious harmony in Ambon. They are: (1) religion’s blasphemy, (2) narrow primordialism, (3) the activities of sects, and (4) the population density which inhibits the pella-gandong harmony. Therefore it is very necessary to have a guidance for reconciliation process among inter-religious members in Ambon based on the concept of \"agree in disagreement.\" It can be constructed in four pillars, they are: (1) socialization of the inter-religious harmony laws, (2) social solidarity, (3) paragon of religion’s leaders and government, and (4) dialogue among inter-religious members. A progressive and intensive guidance will give implications to the territorial resilience as well as to Pancasila ideology and the 1945 Constitution, Defense and Security, Education and economic resilience in Ambon, Maluku.

Kata Kunci : Konflik Ambon Maluku, Pembinaan, Kerukunan, Agama