PEMANFAATAN MODAL MANUSIA DAN MODAL SOSIAL MANTAN TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA (TKI): IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA (KASUS DI DESA RANTAU FAJAR, KECAMATAN RAMAN UTARA, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR)

DRA. TRISNANINGSIH, M.SI., Profesor, Dr. Muhadjir Darwin, M.P.A.,

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Kependudukan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengkaji pemanfaatan modal manusia dan modal sosial dan implikasinya terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau Fajar. (2) menguji pengaruh dinamika antarfaktor sosial demografi, modal manusia, dan modal sosial serta implikasinya terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau Fajar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rantau Fajar Kecamatan Raman Utara Kabupaten Lampung Timur menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan wawancara secara mendalam. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mantan TKI yang bertempat tinggal di Desa Rantau Fajar berjumlah 177 orang. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis structural eqution modeling (SEM) yang didukung dengan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut (1) pemanfaatan modal manusia dan modal sosial dalam bentuk perilaku produktif ekonomi (tingkat penghasilan) berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau Fajar. (2) pemanfaatan modal manusia dan modal sosial dalam bentuk perilaku produktif nonekonomi (tingkat penghasilan) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau Fajar. (3) tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI lebih tinggi pada pemanfaatan modal manusia dan modal sosial dalam bentuk perilaku produktif ekonomi di luar bidang pertanian daripada tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI pada pemanfaatan modal manusia dan modal sosial dalam bentuk perilaku produktif ekonomi di bidang pertanian. (4) pengaruh variabel modal manusia lebih kuat daripada pengaruh variabel sosial demografi dan variabel modal sosial terhadap perilaku produktif ekonomi, dan perilaku produktif nonekonomi, serta tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau.(5) variabel modal sosial berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap variabel perilaku produktif ekonomi dan perilaku produktif nonekonomi, tetapi berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga mantan TKI di Desa Rantau Fajar.

This research is aimed to: (1) analyze the utilization of human capital and social capital and their implications toward the welfare level of ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ households in Rantau Fajar Village; (2) to test the effect of the dynamics among factors, such as social demography, human capital, and social capital as well as their implications toward the welfare level of ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ household in Rantau Fajar Village. This research was done in Rantau Fajar Village, Raman Utara District, Lampung Timur Regency by using quantitative approach. Selection of research location is determined purposively. Data collecting technique used structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. The population of this research is all ex- Indonesian Migrant Workers living in Rantau Fajar Village amount to 177 people. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis method and structural eqution modeling (SEM) analysis supported by qualitative analysis. The result of this research are: (1) the utilization of human capital and social capital has significant effects on the welfare level of ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ households in Rantau Fajar village. Indicator of human capital are knowledge, skills, and work experience, while the indicators of social capital are network number, participation in network, network diversity, network density, network function, network expectation, and experience of obtaining social support; (2) the utilization of human capital and social capital in the form of economic productive behavior and noneconomic productive behavior have significant effects on the welfare level of the ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ household Rantau Fajar village; (3) The welfare level of the ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ household which is higher in the utilization of human capital and social capital in the form of economic productive behavior outside agricultural area than that in the utilization of human capital and social capital in the form of productive behavior in agriculture area; (4) the effect of human capital variable is stronger than that of social demography variable as well as social capital variable on economic productive behavior variable, and noneconomic productive behavior variable, as well as the welfare level of the ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ households in Rantau Fajar Village; (5) social capital variable has negative and insignificant effect, on economic productive behavior variable, and noneconomic productive behavior variable, but has positive and insignificant on the welfare level of the ex-Indonesian Migrant Workers’ household in Rantau Fajar village.

Kata Kunci : Modal manusia, modal sosial, produktif ekonomi dan nonekonomi, tingkat kesejahteraan, mantan TKI