PERENGKAHAN MINYAK SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS PELET CAMPURAN H-MCM-41 DAN Ni-MCM-41

SOENANDAR MILIAN TOMPUNU TENGKER, Prof. Dr. Karna Wijaya, M. Eng

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Telah dilakukan proses perengkahan minyak sawit dengan mengunakan pelet katalis campuran H-MCM-41 dan Ni/MCM-41. Sintesis MCM-41 dilakukan mulai dari tahap pelarutan CTAB, kemudian ditambahkan TMAOH dan garam K2SO4 untuk meningkatkan stabilitas material. Proses kristalisasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan natrium silikat dan natrium aluminat, kemudian ditambahkan larutan asam H2SO4 50% untuk menurunkan pH larutan. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses hidrotermal pada suhu 90 oC selama 36 jam, kemudian dicuci, dikeringkan, dan dikalsinasi pada suhu 540 oC. MCM-41 hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, BET dan TEM. Katalis H-MCM-41 diperoleh dengan merendam MCM-41 dalam larutan NH4Cl 0,5M, kemudian dikalsinasi. Ni/MCM-41 diperoleh dengan merendam MCM-41 dalam larutan NiCl2 0,1M kemudian direduksi pada suhu 450 oC. Proses perengkahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan perbandingan campuran katalis H-MCM-4 : Ni/MCM-41 = 1:1, 1:3, 3:1,1:0 dan 0:1. Perbandingan campuran katalis 3:1 menghasilkan produk konversi minyak paling banyak, dan perbandingan ini dibuat menjadi pelet katalis. Produk yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Proses perengkahan menggunakan pelet katalis campuran H-MCM-41 dan Ni/MCM41 menghasilkan nilai konversi sebesar 70,40% mengandung OLP sebesar 12,77% dengan selektivitas terhadap biofuel sebesar 3,48%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis biofuel menggunakan GC, diperoleh fraksi mirip bensin sebesar 21,66 %, fraksi mirip minyak tanah sebesar 64,39 %, dan fraksi mirip minyak diesel sebesar 13,95 %.

Catalitic cracking of palm oil using the mixture of H-MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 pellets as catalyst has been performed. MCM-41 was started from the dissolution of CTAB, then added TMAOH and K2SO4 were added to improve the stability of the material. Crystalization process was done by adding of sodium silicate and sodium aluminate into the solution, and then 50% H2SO4 was added to decrease pH of the solution. Further that the hydrothermal process was done at 90 oC for 36 h, and then washed, dried, and calcined at 540 oC. A synthesized MCM-41 was characterized using XRD, FTIR, BET, and TEM. H-MCM-41 catalyst was obtained by soaking the MCM-41 into 0,5 M NH4Cl solution and then calcined. The Ni/MCM-41 was obtained by soaking the MCM-41 into 0,1 M NiCl2 solution then after drying it was reduced at 450 oC. In the cracking process, ratio of H-MCM-4: Ni/MCM-41 = 1:1, 1:3, 3:1,1:0 and 0:1 were used. Ratio of the catalyst of 3:1 produced the highest oil conversion, and this ratio was used to form a pellet catalyst. The catalytic cracking processes using the pellet resulted conversion value of 70.40% containing 12.77% of OLP with selectivity to biofuel of 3.48%. The biofuel analyses of GC resulted the gasoline like fractions of 21.66 %, kerosene like fraction of 64.39 %, and 13.95 % diesel like fractions

Kata Kunci : MCM-41; perengkahan; biofuel