PEMIKIRAN SØREN KIERKEGAARD TENTANG HAKIKAT AGAMA: KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI DIALOG DAN KERUKUNAN HIDUP ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA

HIPOLITUS KRISTOFORUS KEEWUEL, S.AG.,M.HUM., Prof. Dr. Lasiyo, M.A., M.M

2013 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Filsafat

Penelitian dalam disertasi ini berjudul Pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard Tentang Hakikat Agama: Kontribusinya Bagi Dialog dan Kerukunan Hidup Antar Umat Beragama di Indonesia. Pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard tentang hakikat agama dipandang penting dan sangat berguna karena realitas keragaman penghayatan kebenaran agama yang ada di Indonesia menuntut kesadaran dasar itu. Pluralitas penghayatan kebenaran agama itu, melalui terang pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard diharapkan membawa para penganut agama-agama kepada kesadaran bahwa di luar kebenaran agama sendiri, ada kebenaran agama lain yang harus dihormati, dihargai, dan diberi ruang berkembang yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan; (1) Mengungkap hakikat agama dalam pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard. (2) Menganalisis pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard tentang hakikat agama guna menemukan kontribusinya baik bagi pemahaman yang benar terhadap kebenaran agama maupun bagi dialog dan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian literer, studi pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard tentang hakikat agama yang diharapkan dapat memberi kontribusi bagi kehidupan sosial religius dalam masyarakat plural di Indonesia. Hal ini dimaksudkan sebagai salah satu upaya membangun kehidupan bersama agama-agama yang lebih baik dan berkualitas dengan pemahaman yang benar akan realitas plural kebenaran agamaagama menjadi dasar yang kokoh. Metode-metode yang relevan sebagai langkah-langkah konkret dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini adalah metode-metode; verstehen, interpretasi, hermeneutika, deskripsi, historis, abstraksi, analitika bahasa, dan heuristika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Pertama, hakikat agama menurut Søren Kierkegaard adalah wilayah iman yang penuh dengan paradoks dan oleh karena itu sekaligus menjadi wilayah kebenaran subjektif. Kedua, Pemikiran Søren Kierkegaard tentang hakikat agama memberi dua point kontribusi penting bagi kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. (1). Kontribusi untuk memahami kebenaran agama-agama di Indonesia dalam kaca mata kebenaran subjektif. Kontribusi ini penting dalam konteks Indonesia untuk menetralisir kecenderungan klaim kebenaran agama yang berlebihan dalam situasi kehidupan plural yang sangat tajam saat ini. (2). Kontribusi berkaitan dengan upaya membangun dialog dan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama di Indonesia. a. Ketertiban hidup bernegara ikut ditentukan oleh kualitas pengolahan subjektivitas kebenaran agama. b. Penghayatan agama yang berkualitas menuntut pengakuan dan penerimaan akan realitas paradoks dan problem kebenaran agama. c. Para pelaku dialog agama dituntut memiliki konsep-konsep dan menguasai unsur-unsur dasar kebenaran, serta teori-teori penuntun kebenaran. d. Fanatisme agama yang berlebihan bertentangan dengan hakikat agama. e. Dialog dan kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama menjadi bagian esensial dalam hidup agamaagama. f. Pendidikan agama dalam dunia pendidikan formal harus mampu membawa peserta didik pada pengenalan akan kebenaran agama lain juga dan tidak hanya sibuk dengan kebenaran agamanya sendiri. g. Penghayatan agama yang paradoks dan subjektif menuntut distansi demi refleksi dan evaluasi terus menerus. Tanpa refleksi dan evaluasi dalam jarak, bahaya fanatisme dan radilakisme akan selalu ada.

This dissertation is entitled: Kierkegaard’s Ideas on Religion: Its Contribution for Inter-religious Dialogue and Peaceful Life of Religious Faithful in Indonesia. Kierkegaard’s ideas on religion are basically viewed as important matters since they could be used as a strong base to develop a truthful understanding of religion and religious practices in Indonesia. The ideas expected to increase particular awareness among religious faithful that religious truthfulness as claimed by any religious faithful is a subjective and paradox matter indeed. Such view should be widely accepted and respected in Indonesian context. The dissertation is aimed: 1) to discover the so-called essence of religion according to Soren Kierkegaard; and 2) to analyze Kikegaard’s ideas on the essence of religion and its contribution to develop a genuine understanding of religion and a mutual inter-religious dialogue for peaceful life. The dissertation was written based on the comprehensive literature research on Kierkegaard’s ideas on the essence of religion. The research expected to give a meaningful contribution for social-religious practices in Indonesia. In other words, the study was conducted as an effort to improve and maintain a harmony and peaceful life among in writing the dissertation including: content analysis, interpretation, hermeneutics, description, Indonesian faithful based on the mutual and truthful understanding of each religion. The methods applied historical analysis, abstraction, heuristic, and language analyses. The study had so far indicated the following results. Firstly, Kierkegaard strongly argues that the essence of religion is basically connected very much to one’s religious belief. Therefore, the essence of religion according to Kierkegaard is a very paradox and subjective mater. Consequently, the truthfulness of religion as far as claimed by any religious adherent is a very subjective and paradox mater. Secondly, Kierkegaard’s ideas on religion as a subjective and paradox matter have basically two important contributions for Indonesian society. 1) His ideas can be applied in Indonesia in order to improve Indonesian perception on the essence of religion as a paradox and subjective truth. Such perception is expected to effectively neutralize one’s claim on absolute religious truthfulness in Indonesian context. 2) The idea can also be used to develop an effective inter-religious dialogue and peaceful life among Indonesian faithful. However, these contributions can be worked in Indonesia as far as supported by the following conditions: a) one of the quality life of Indonesian people is how to attempt and make real the religion truth in daily life. b) there must be any concrete effort taking to promote Kierkegaard’s ideas about the essence of religion as a subjective and paradox matter in Indonesia; c) there should be any effort to encourage any religious faithful in Indonesia to accept and respect the essence of religion as a subjective and paradox matter in daily level; d) the agents of inter-religious dialogues in Indonesia need to have a clear concept and theoretical background regarding the essence of religion as a subjective and paradox matter; e) there should be any effort to continuously promoting inter-religious dialogue in Indonesia as an integral part of daily life; f) the content and process of formal religious education at any level in Indonesia are strongly suggested to help any student to have a clear and comprehensive understanding about religion as a subjective and paradox matter; g) there must be continuous attempt of each religious community in Indonesian to reflect and evaluate so-called religion as a subjective and paradox matter. The absence of both reflection and evaluation may lead to religious fanaticism and radicalism

Kata Kunci : Agama, Paradoks, Subjektivitas Kebenaran