MANAJEMEN PROMOSI KESEHATAN PADA MASA TANGGAP DARURAT BENCANA GUNUNG MERAPI YOGYAKARTA

Fauzie Rahman, Prof. dr. LaksonoTrisnantoro, M.Sc., Ph.D

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Dampak letusan Gunung Merapi di Yogyakarta berbahaya bagi kesehatan masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan di wilayah yang terkena bencana, khususnya pada tempat pengungsian. Agar dapat meminimalisir dampak kesehatan yang akan ditimbulkan pada pengungsi, maka manajemen harus dikelola dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penelitian untuk mengetahui manajemen promosi kesehatan pada masa tanggap bencana Gunung Merapi. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui manajemen promosi kesehatan pada pada masa tanggap bencana Gunung Merapi. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan rancangan studi kasus dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian adalah pengelola program promosi kesehatan dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DI Yogyakarta. Untuk menjamin validitas data digunakan triangulasi sumber dan data. Hasil Penelitian: Manajemen promosi kesehatan dikaji dari aspek perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, pembiayaan dan evaluasi. Perencanaan dilakukan dengan melakukan assessment kesehatan di lokasi pengungsian untuk mengetahui permasalahan kesehatan, kebutuhan dan target pelaksanaan program dengan tetap berpedoman pada tugas dan fungsi dari program promosi kesehatan. Pelaksanaan program promosi kesehatan menggunakan keterpaduan strategi didukung dengan media yang disesuaikan dengan target kegiatan. Pembiayaan program berasal dari APBN, APBD dan dana bantuan sosial, sedangkan untuk pengawasan dan evaluasi dilaksanakan pada saat dan selesai kegiatan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan program serta kendala yang dihadapi. Sampai akhir masa pengungsian diketahui bahwa tidak terjadi KLB dan menurunnya angka kesakitan serta infeksi penyakit terkendali. Namun, ada beberapa kendala yang ditemukan antara lain keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, sarana dan tidak adanya standar promosi kesehatan untuk bencana letusan Gunung Merapi. Kesimpulan: Manajemen promosi kesehatan pada masa tanggap darurat bencana letusan Gunung Merapi dinilai cukup efektif, tetapi masih harus meningkatkan kemitraan dengan instansi lain serta adanya surge capacity bagi Dinas Kesehatan, khususnya pada pengelolaan program promosi kesehatan.

Background: The eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta has caused dangerous impact to the people’s health. Health promotion efforts are needed in the affected areas, especially in refugee camps. In order to minimize health impacts to be inflicted on refugees. The management of health promotion needs to be assessed to evaluate the process in order to develop the better health promotion for disaster situation. Objectives: To determine the management of health promotion at the time of the disaster emergency response during Mount Merapi eruption. Methods: This was a qualitative study using case study design. In-depth interviews and documentation study were used to obtain data on health promotion management. The informants were the health promotion program manager of the Provincial Health Office in Yogyakarta, Sleman District Health Office, and manager from health service division of Indonesian Red Cross. To ensure the validity of the data, we used triangulation of data and sources. Result: All aspects of health promotion management, including planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, financing and evaluation, were assessed. Planning process included health assessment in the refugee camps to determine health problems, the needs for program implementation, and targets of the program based on the duties and functions of health promotion programs. Implementation of health promotion programs used integrated strategies which supported by customized media based on targeted audience. Program funding comes from the national plan and budget (APBN) and regional plan and budget (APBD) and social funds. Monitoring and evaluation were carried out at the time and after the program completed, the purposes of these activities is to acknowledge the result and bottleneck which is appear during the health promotion process. Until the emergency response ended, there was no outbreak, the morbidity rate was decreased and the infection cases were under control. However, some problems were found such as limited human resources and facilities, health promotion standards for the eruption of Mount Merapi also have not been enabled. Conclusion: The management of health promotion during the eruption of Mount Merapi was considered quite effective. The improvement of partnership with other agencies is needed as well as surge capacity for the health promotion program during emergency response.

Kata Kunci : manajemen, promosi kesehatan, tanggap darurat, bencana