KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS LUMUT DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI PERUSAK BATUAN CANDI DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN

ARI FAUZI, Dr. Rina Sri Kasiamdari

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Lumut yang tumbuh di batuan candi di Kabupaten Sleman belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lumut yang tumbuh di batuan candi dan mengetahui distribusi setiap jenis lumut di delapan lokasi candi yang diteliti. Pengambilan sampel lumut lumut dilakukan dengan metode jelajah, yaitu mengambil sampel lumut dari delapan lokasi candi yaitu candi Barong, candi Ijo, candi Sambisari, candi Sari, candi Banyunibo, candi Kalasan, candi Gebang dan candi Prambanan. Pengukuran hubungan kekerabatan fenetik dilakukan dengan metode UPGMA. Kontruksi dendogram dilakukan dengan bantuan program perangkat lunak NTSYSpc versi 2.01q. Penghitungan indeks keanekaragaman lumut dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan garis transek dan empat subtransek dengan jarak + 50 cm. Setiap subtransek dibuat 10 titik dan diberi nomor urut dengan jarak 5 cm. Indeks keanekaragaman lumut rumusan Shannon-Wiener. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat delapan jenis lumut yang tumbuh di batuan candi yang diteliti. Delapan jenis lumut tersebut yaitu Bryum coronatum, Hyophila involuta, Fissidens taylorii, Pottia truncata, Splanchnobryum indicum, Philonotis revoluta, Tortella dakinii dan Campylopus clavatus diketahui berhabitat di batuan (lumut epilith) sehingga berpotensi merusak batuan candi di Kabupaten Sleman. Berdasarkan analisis fenogram diketahui bahwa lumut yang satu jenis mengelompok pada koefisien 1,00, sedangkan kelompok lumut yang memisah paling jauh adalah Fissidens taylorii yang menunjukkan koefisien korelasi 0,27. Indeks keanekaragaman lumut tertinggi diketahui terdapat di candi Barong yaitu 0,52 dan indeks keanekaragaman terendah di candi Kalasan 0,22.

Moss grows on the surface of the temple’s rocks in Sleman has never been studied before. This research aims to know the species of moss grows on the surface of temple’s rocks and reveal the distributin of each of the moss in eight examined-tempel sites. The collecting of moss samples was performed by exploration methd, that was by taking the samples from eight temple sites including Barong temple, Ijo temple, Sambisari temple, Sari temple, Banyunibo temple, Kalasan temple, Gebang temple, and Prambanan temple. Measurement on phenetical kinship relation was done by UPGMA method. Dendogram contruction was done by the help of software program of NTSYSpc version 2.01q. Calculation on moss diversity was performed by the hep pf transect-lines and four subtransects within the distance + 50 cm. It was determined 10 points at each subtansect and then numbered numerically within the distance-range 5 cm. The diversity index of the moss was based on Shannon-Wiener formula. Result of this research shows that there are eight species of the moss which grow on the surface of the rocks of the examined-temples. They are Bryum coronatum, Hyophila involuta, Pottia truncate, Tortella dakinii, Splachnobryum indicum, Philonotis revoluta, Fissidens taylorii and Campylopus clavatus which are known to hace habitat on the rocks (epilith mosses) and they are all potentially damaging the rocks of the temple in Sleman District. Based on the phenogram analysis can be known that moss of the same species or class are coming into one group within coefficient 1.00 and the moss within the group separated farthest is Fissidens taylorii which shows coefficient correlation 0f 0,27. The highest mosses diversity index are to be known for Barong Temple of 0,52 and the owest one is for Kalasan temple of 0,22

Kata Kunci : tumbuhan lumut, lumut epilith, indeks keanekaragaman