MIKROSPOROGENESIS CABAI MERAH BESAR (Capsicum annuum L.) AKIBAT CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Utaminingsih, Prof. Dr. Issirep Sumardi

2013 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Tanaman cabai merupakan salah satu tanaman sayuran yang multiguna sehingga bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, terutama daerah marginal memiliki keterbatasan curah hujan rendah atau kering. Penelitian mengenai dampak cekaman kekeringan terhadap mikrosporogensis, khususnya pada cabai merah besar belum banyak dikaji, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap mikrosporogenesis, mengetahui respons fisiologi dan biokimia tanaman cabai merah besar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun penelitian Sawitsari, Laboratorium Struktur dan Perkembangan Tumbuhan, Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan, dan Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Biologi UGM. Tahapan penelitian meliputi : 1) penyemaian dan aklimatisasi; 2) perlakuan cekaman kekeringan (penyiraman setiap 1, 3, 5, dan 7 hari sekali pada tanaman cabai merah umur 21 hari setelah tanam); 3) koleksi sampel bunga, daun, dan akar; 4) pembuatan preparat anatomi bunga, daun, dan batang; 5) analisis prolin dan uji klorofil; 6) uji viabilitas polen; 7) pengamatan mikrosporogenesis; 8) analisis data. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi batang, jumlah daun, rasio panjang-lebar daun), parameter lingkungan (pH tanah, suhu, dan kelembaban), parameter fisiologi dan biokimia (kadar prolin, kadar klorofil, kadar ABA), parameter anatomi (tahapan mikrosporogenesis, viabilitas polen, tebal daun, diameter batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tahap mikrosporogenesis cabai merah besar pada cekaman kekeringan sama dengan tanaman yang tidak mengalami cekaman kekeringan, tetapi waktu berlangsungnya proses mikrosporogensis lebih awal. Respons cabai merah besar terhadap cekaman kekeringan meliputi penurunan jumlah daun, rasio panjang-lebar daun; peningkatan panjang akar, tebal daun, kadar prolin daun, dan kadar ABA; percepatan waktu berbunga; serta penurunan viabilitas polen.

Chilli is one of high economic vegetable crops that had multi purpose. Some marginal area in Indonesia have water rate limitation. The aims of this research are to know microsporogenesis process, physiological and biochemical responses of big red chilli in drought stress. This research was done in Sawitsari Research Station, Laboratory of Plant Structure and Development, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, and Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University. The stage of this research were: 1) seed germination and acclimatization; 2) treatment of dryness grasp (was watered every 1, 3, 5, and 7 days); 3) sample collection (flower, leaf, and stem); 4) anatomical preparation (flower, leaf, and stem); 5) prolin and chlorophyll analysis; 6) polen viability were tested; 7) microsporogenesis observation; 8) data analyses. Parameters observed in this research were plant growth (plant lenght, number of leaves, width-lenght leaves ratio), environmental ( pH, temperature, and humidity), physiological and biochemical (prolin contents, chlorophyll contents, Abcisic Acid (ABA) contents), anatomical (microsporogenesis and pollen viability). The result showed that drought stress treatment in this research did not affected chilli microsporogenesis process, but these process begin earlier. Plant responses to drought stress were reduction in leaves number and width-lenght leaves ratio; increased of root lenght, leaves thickness, and ABA content; flowering time acceleration; and degradation of pollen viability.

Kata Kunci : mikrosporogenesis, cabai merah besar, cekaman kekeringan