STUDI PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN PADI SAWAH ORGANIK BERDASARKAN KESESUAIAN LAHAN DAN POTENSI PUPUK ORGANIK DARI LIMBAH PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN TEMON KABUPATEN KULON PROGO

Rusiyah. S,Pd, Dr. MR. Djarot Sadharto Widyatmoko, M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Revolusi Hijau telah menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, baik pada lingkungan, keanekaragaman hayati pertanian, maupun sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji: 1) tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi sawah, 2) potensi pupuk organik dari limbah pertanian, 3) karakteristik sosial ekonomi petani, dan 4) merumuskan strategi pengembangan pertanian padi sawah organik. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive area sampling untuk aspek fisik lahan dan purposive sampling untuk sampel petani. Teknik pengolahan data dengan Software LCLP, tabel frekuensi, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi sawah di daerah penelitian adalah sesuai marginal (S3) dengan luas 1.165,77 ha atau 99,11% dan tidak sesuai saat ini (N1) dengan luas 10,51 ha atau 0,89%, potensi pupuk organik dari limbah pertanian pada musim tanam I adalah 5.070,05 ton dan musim tanam II adalah 3.595,04 ton, karakteristik sosial ekonomi internal petani memiliki kekuatan lebih baik dibandingkan karakteristik sosial ekonomi eksternal petani bagi pengembangan pertanian padi sawah organik di daerah penelitian, strategi pengembangan pertanian padi sawah organik di Kecamatan Temon dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut: (a) pemberian penghargaan/apresiasi kepada petani yang telah berhasil mengembangkan pertanian organik, (b) pemerintah perlu membantu petani dalam mendapatkan sertifikat produk pertanian organik, (c) pembuatan lahan percontohan/demplot pertanian organik, (d) pemberdayaan peran kelembagaan, (e) kegiatan sosialisasi kepada petani, konsumen, pedagang, pemerintah daerah, penyuluh, dan institusi terkait lainnya, (f) mengintegrasikan pembangunan bidang pertanian dan peternakan, (g) pelatihan teknologi pembuatan pupuk organik dan pestisida organik, (h) meningkatkan produksi pertanian organik, (i) bekerjasama dengan kelompok tani semi organik untuk mengembangkan pertanian organik, (j) mengusahakan padi varietas lokal, (k) meningkatkan penggunaan pupuk organik, (l) kebijakan penyediaan dan subsidi sarana dan prasarana pertanian organik, (m) petani organik harus menjaga kepercayaan kepada konsumen, (n) pengembangan kualitas sumberdaya manusia melaui pendidikan dan pelatihan.

Green Revolution has produced various negative impacts, either on the environment, agricultural biodiversity, and socio-economic aspects of the community. The research objectives are: (1) to assess the suitability of land for rice crops, (2) to assess the potential of organic fertilizers from agricultural waste, (3) to assess the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, and (4) to formulate development strategies of organic rice farming in the Temon Sub-district. This study is a survey research. The purposive area sampling technique and purposive sampling were conducted in terms of the physical aspects of land and purposive sampling farmer samples, respectively. Land Classification and Landuse Planning (LCLP) software, frequency table, and SWOT analysis were used as methods. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were adopted in this research. The results showed that land suitability class of rice crops in the research site was marginally suitable (S3) of 1,165.77 ha or 99.11% and was not presently suitable (N1) of 10.51 ha or 0.89%, the potential of agricultural waste-made organic fertilizer in Planting Season I and II were 5,070.05 tons and 3,595.04 tons, respectively, farmers’ internal socio-economic characteristics showed greater strength than the external one in organic rice farming development at research site; the strategies of organic rice farming development in Temon Sub-district involved (a) providing award/appreciation to farmers successfully developing organic farming, (b) encouraging government to assist farmers in obtaining the certification of organic farming products, establishing collaboration with semi-organic farming groups, (c) developing demonstration plots, (d) empowering institutional roles, (e) organizing dissemination to farmers, consumer vendors, local government, agricultural extension agents and agricultural actors and related institutions, (f) integrating the agriculture and animal husbandry development, (g) organizing training on organic fertilizer and organic pesticide, (h) increasing organic farming. (i) establishing cooperation with semi-organic farmer groups to develop organic farming, (j) developing local rice varieties, (k) increasing more use of organic fertilizer, (l) providing the supply and the subsidy of organic farming facilities and infrastructure, (m) maintaining consumers’ confidence level, (n) developing human resource quality through education and training.

Kata Kunci : Kesesuaian lahan, potensi pupuk organik, pertanian padi sawah organik