PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MANGROVE TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI DUSUN BAROS, DESA TIRTOHARGO, KECAMATAN KRETEK, KABUPATEN BANTUL

Reni Cahyawati, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP, Ph.D.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Dusun Baros, Desa Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul. Secara rinci, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu : (1) mengkaji pengaruh kegiatan pengelolaan hutan mangrove terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan kegiatan pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Dusun Baros, Desa Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deduktif dengan analisis data secara kualitatif yang dipakai untuk menjelaskan tujuan penelitian. Pengambilan data primer dan sekunder dilakukan dengan cara kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan kegiatan pengelolaan mangrove di Dusun Baros melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat, dukungan pemerintah dan LSM Relung Yogyakarta. Pengaruh kegiatan ini terhadap kondisi sosial, yaitu : (1) mata pencaharian : sebanyak 33,6 % responden bekerja terkait mangrove, (2) tindakan/sikap terkait dengan norma : adanya mangrove memunculkan 3 ( tiga ) aturan, yaitu a) dilarang merusak tanaman bakau, b) dilarang berburu burung di sekitar bakau, dan c) dilarang menangkap ikan dengan setrum dan bahan kimia di sekitar bakau. Adapun tingkat kepatuhan warga terhadap ketiga aturan/norma tersebut cukup tinggi karena lebih dari 82 % responden menyatakan selalu mematuhi terhadap ketiga aturan/norma tersebut, (3) terbentuknya lembaga masyarakat lokal, dan (4) berdampak terhadap fisik wilayah, yaitu terbangunnya sarana-prasarana umum. Sedangkan pengaruh terhadap kondisi ekonomi, yaitu : (1) memunculkan peluang usaha baru bagi 54,1 % responden, (2) meningkatkan pendapatan bagi 37,7 % responden, dan (3) memberikan kesempatan menabung bagi 29,45 % responden. Adapun faktor-faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan kegiatan ini adalah (1) partisipasi masyarakat yang tinggi (dipengaruhi umur, tingkat pendidikan, dan frekuensi pelibatan dalam kegiatan), (2) tokoh/pemimpin yang berpengaruh (dari dalam Dusun Baros dan LSM Relung), dan (3) kelembagaan KP2B yang solid/kompak, dan (4) dukungan dari pihak pemerintah serta swasta. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan kegiatan pengelolaan mangrove di Dusun Baros ini karena adanya sifat keterbukaan masyarakat Dusun Baros terhadap perubahan untuk kebaikan lingkungan mereka yang berbeda dengan masyarakat lain di sekitarnya. Sifat keterbukaan masyarakat ini diwujudkan dalam bentuk mengadopsi kegiatan penanaman mangrove dengan dukungan pemerintah dan pihak swasta sehingga pada akhirnya berpengaruh positif terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat.

The study was aimed to knowing the activities of mangrove forest management in Baros Subvillage, Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul. In detail, the objective of the study was: (1) studying the influence of activities of mangrove forest management to the socioeconomic condition of the community and (2) to knowing what factors which was influencing the success of the activities of mangrove forest management in Baros Subvillage, Tirtohargo Village, Kretek, Bantul. The method of the study was deductive method by data analysis was qualitative that was used to describe the objectives of the study. Primary and secondary data collecting was performed by questionaire, interview, observation and documentation. The study found that the activities of mangrove forest management in Baros Subvillage involved the community participation, support by the government and Relung Non Government Organization, Yogyakarta. The influence of the activities to the social condition was: (1) occupation: about 33.6% respondent work related to mangrove, (2) action/ attitude related to the norm: the mangrove raised three rules those are a) prohibition to damage mangrove vegetation, b) prohibition to hunt a bird around mangrove, and c) prohibition to catch a fish by electric current and chemical material around mangrove. Whereas the compliance level of the citizen to the three rules (norms) was high enough because more than 82% respondent stated always comply to the three rules (norms), (3) the forming of local community institution and (4) have impact to the area physical, that was the development of public infrastructure. Whereas the influence to the economic condition was: (1) raising a new business opportunity for 54.1 respondent, (2) increasing the income for 37.7% respondent, and (3) gave opportunity to save money for 29.45% respondent. Whereas the factor that determined the success of the activities was (1) high participation of the community (was influenced by age, education level, and frequency of the involvement in activities), (2) figure/ leader that has influence (from Baros Subvillage it self and Relung NGO), and (3) the KP2B institution that was solid/ compact, and (4) support from the government and private. The study concluded that the success of the activities of mangrove management in Baros Subvillage was because the openness of the community of Baros Subvillage to the changing for their own environment to be better that was differ to the other community at the surrounding areas. The openness of the community was realized in the form of adoption of mangrove planting activities by the government support and private sector so at the end was influencing positively to the socioeconomic condition of the local community.

Kata Kunci : mangrove, partisipasi, keterbukaan, Baros.