THE COMPARISON OF TWO LIVESTOCK CREDIT SCHEMES THE CASE: STUDY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REVOLVING FUND SCHEME AND SUBSIDIZED CREDIT SCHEME IN MOJOKERTO

Moch. Yusuf Ma'arif, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Kredit pertanian di Indonesia mempunyai sejarah panjang. Sejak tahun 1970an, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mempraktekkan beberapa pendekatan dalam hal penyediaan kredit pertanian. Sekarang ini, dalam hal penyediaan kredit peternakan, pemerintah mempraktekkan dua dominan skim kredit yaitu skema dana bergulir dan skema kredit bersumsidi yang dilaksanakan oleh bank sebagai agen eksekutor. Skema dana bergulir dianggap lebih pro rakyat miskin dari pada skema kredit bersubsidi. Kedua skema tersebut mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan mencoba mengeksplorasi dan membandingkan kedua skema kredit secara kualitatif berdasarkan variabel yang telah disusun sebelumnya. Paper ini berdasarkan hasil survey yang dilaksanakan pada lima kelompok ternak yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok berdasakan skema kredit yang diambil. Kelompok pertama adalah yang menerima skema dana bergulir, sedangkan kelompok kedua yang menerima kredit KKP-E (Kredit Ketahanan Pangan-Energi). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa KKP-E mempunyai keunggulan dalam hal terbatasnya intervensi pemerintah, tipe jaminan kredit, pengulangan kedit, tingkat pelunasan hutang, trust, partisipasi, manejemen resiko dan pembagian resiko. Sedangkan skema dana bergulir mempunyai keunggulan dalam program diluar kredit (pelatihan) dan peningkatan populasi ternak.

Indonesia has a long history of agricultural credit program. Since the 1970s, the Government of Indonesia has practiced several approaches in the provision of agriculture credit program. Currently, in terms of livestock credit provision, the government is practicing two dominant schemes that revolving fund scheme and interest-subsidized which is conducted by commercial banks as an executing agent. Revolving funds are considered to be more pro-poor than interest-subsidized that are market oriented. Both have advantages and disadvantages, so this paper will explore and compare both schemes qualitatively through some predetermined variables. This paper is based on the results of a survey on the five farmer groups were divided into two groups according to their credit type. The first group is farmer group which received revolving fund, while the second group is farmer group which took KKP-E (Credit of Food-Energy Security) as one of interest-subsidized credit. The results showed that the KKP-E has advantages in terms of limited intervention of government, type of collateral, repeating loan access, repayment rate return, trust, participation, risk management and risk sharing. On other hand, the revolving fund has advantages in terms of the increasing of non-credit program and livestock population growth.

Kata Kunci : program kredit pertanian, peternakan, skema kredit bersubsidi, skema kredit dana bergulir.