PEMASARAN TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR SUMATERA SELATAN
JAKA SUMITRA, Dr. Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti, SP. MP
2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu PeternakanPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran pemasaran, menghitung margin pemasaran, berat taksir dan berat timbang ternak, gross margin peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar dan jagal serta menentukan kebijakan strategi pemasaran. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling di tiga Kecamatan yaitu Lempuing, Lempuing Jaya dan Mesuji Raya, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2011. Responden adalah peternak sebanyak 60 orang, pedagang desa 15 orang, pedagang besar dan jagal masing-masing 5 orang. Obyek penimbangan adalah ternak sapi yang dijual di tingkat peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar masing-masing 60 ekor (30 jantan dan 30 betina) dan jagal 30 ekor jantan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara kepada responden. Analisis deskriptif untuk margin pemasaran dan analisis kuantitatif untuk membandingkan berat taksir dengan berat timbang ternak dengan uji t. Selanjutnya membandingkan gross margin peternak, pedagang desa, pedagang besar dan jagal menggunakan one way anova yang dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada 3 saluran pemasaran, saluran I dari peternak ke jagal melalui 2 pedagang perantara, saluran II dari peternak ke jagal melalui 1 pedagang perantara dan saluran III dari peternak langsung ke jagal. Margin pemasaran saluran I Rp 2.562.835,-/ekor dan saluran II Rp. 930.979,-/ekor. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara berat taksir sapi yang dipasarkan dan berat timbang. Terdapat perbedaan gross margin yang nyata (P≤0,05) antara peternak (Rp. 873.833,-a /ekor) dengan pedagang desa (Rp. 1.783.213,-b/ekor) dan jagal (Rp. 3.256.898,-c/ekor), sedangkan dengan pedagang besar (Rp. 326.736,-a/ekor) tidak berbeda. Kebijakan strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan gross margin peternak melalui kebijakan saluran pemasaran yaitu memilih saluran yang paling menguntungkan peternak, kebijakan harga yaitu menentukan standar harga jual ternak dan kebijakan gross margin yaitu memberikan harga input dan output yang menguntungan peternak.
This research was aimed to identify the marketing channels, calculate the marketing margins, estimate and heavy weight of cattle, gross margin of farmers, village traders, wholesalers, butchers and determine the marketing strategy policies. The research locations were selected by purposive sampling in three districts namely Lempuing, Lempuing Jaya and Mesuji Raya in Ogan Komering Ilir. The study was conducted from July to August 2011. The respondents were 60 farmers, 15 village traders, wholesalers and butchers each had five (5) respondents. The object were the weighting of cattle sold at farmers level, village traders, wholesalers each with 60 cattle (30 males and 30 females) and butchers with 30 males. The methods used were through surveys with direct observations and interviews with respondents and conducting the weighting of livestock. The analysis used descriptive analysis for the marketing margins and quantitative analysis, the t-test was used to compare the estimate and heavy weight of beef cattle. Further compare the gross margins of farmers, village traders, wholesalers and butchers, the one way ANOVA followed by Duncans’ Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used. The results was obtained by three (3) marketing channels, the 1st channel was the farmer to butcher with two brokers, the 2nd channel from farmers to butcher with one broker and 3rd channel from farmers directly to the butcher. The first channel recorded a marketing margin of Rp 2,562,835,-/head and the 2nd channel recorded Rp. 930,979,-/head. No significant difference between the severe crush cattle and heavy weight was found. The gross margin had a significant difference (P ≤0.05) between the farmers (Rp. 873,833,-a/head) with village traders and butchers recording of (Rp 1,783,213,-b/head) and (Rp 3,256,898,-c/head) respectively, whereas there was no difference with wholesalers recording (Rp 326,736,-a/head). Marketing policy strategies to improve farmer gross margin through the selection of the most profitable marketing channels, pricing policies that determine the price of livestock standards and policies of the gross margin provides input and output prices are favorable farmers.
Kata Kunci : Pemasaran, Sapi Potong, Margin Pemasaran, Gross Margin
