COMMUNITY PERCEPTION TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF WATERSHED NORMALIZATION POLICY THE CASE OF: LAVA FLOOD DISASTE R POST MERAPI ERUPTION 2010 IN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Muhammad Umar Said, Ir. Leksono Probo Subanu, MURP, PhD

2013 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Study about implementation of disaster policy in Indonesia is limited. On other hand, Indonesia is one of the countries susceptible to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. From several volcano eruption disasters, the eruption of Merapi in 2010 is one of the severe disaster especially lava flood disaster. The lava flood is the most damaging disaster which still continues strongly affects the watershed areas and the residents’ settlement after the eruption. The lava flood requires efforts to normalize watershed from the overflow of volcanic materials. Based on the disaster case, the local government of Sleman Regency has issued the emergency regulation, namely, a watershed normalization policy. This is a policy to manage a process to recover the watershed to its normal condition. As an emergency policy, it requires an assessment and review of its implementation, especially the perceptions of the communities that were affected by lava flood disaster. By knowing the perception, the level of concordance between the content of the regulation and its actual implementation can be identified. That is why this study analyzes how the community perception towards the policy implementation. This study conducted in the most severe location of lava flood disaster in Gendol Watershed, Manggong and Kepuh Sub Village, Kepuharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study uses primary data by questionnaire and secondary data by in-depth interview, reports, articles, and other data sources. Questionnaire data was taken by survey to the local community in Kepuharjo as respondents which were selected by systematic random sampling. Total respondents are 60; Manggong sub village (30 respondents) and Kepuh sub village (30 respondents). To structure the assessment, this study adopts public policy goals principles developed by Stuart Nagel, namely, procedural fairness, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and equality, participation, net benefit, freedom, and predictability. Based on the findings, this study argues that implementation of the policy has a good response and appraisal particularly in participation. On the other hand it has quite negative perception in net benefit and freedom. Income sharing as the benefit of lava flood was still unfair distributed, it was still in favor of the private sector profits and not providing benefits to local community welfare. Female contribution towards the policy implementation process was very low and community freedom to give an opinion on the policy implementation was also in negative perception. This study recommends to evaluate the proportion of income sharing that must prioritized the community welfare, evaluating the cooperation between the government and private sector, improving the female participation, giving more chance to give an aspiration and also improving coordination among the sectors.

Study about implementation of disaster policy in Indonesia is limited. On other hand, Indonesia is one of the countries susceptible to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. From several volcano eruption disasters, the eruption of Merapi in 2010 is one of the severe disaster especially lava flood disaster. The lava flood is the most damaging disaster which still continues strongly affects the watershed areas and the residents’ settlement after the eruption. The lava flood requires efforts to normalize watershed from the overflow of volcanic materials. Based on the disaster case, the local government of Sleman Regency has issued the emergency regulation, namely, a watershed normalization policy. This is a policy to manage a process to recover the watershed to its normal condition. As an emergency policy, it requires an assessment and review of its implementation, especially the perceptions of the communities that were affected by lava flood disaster. By knowing the perception, the level of concordance between the content of the regulation and its actual implementation can be identified. That is why this study analyzes how the community perception towards the policy implementation. This study conducted in the most severe location of lava flood disaster in Gendol Watershed, Manggong and Kepuh Sub Village, Kepuharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study uses primary data by questionnaire and secondary data by in-depth interview, reports, articles, and other data sources. Questionnaire data was taken by survey to the local community in Kepuharjo as respondents which were selected by systematic random sampling. Total respondents are 60; Manggong sub village (30 respondents) and Kepuh sub village (30 respondents). To structure the assessment, this study adopts public policy goals principles developed by Stuart Nagel, namely, procedural fairness, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and equality, participation, net benefit, freedom, and predictability. Based on the findings, this study argues that implementation of the policy has a good response and appraisal particularly in participation. On the other hand it has quite negative perception in net benefit and freedom. Income sharing as the benefit of lava flood was still unfair distributed, it was still in favor of the private sector profits and not providing benefits to local community welfare. Female contribution towards the policy implementation process was very low and community freedom to give an opinion on the policy implementation was also in negative perception. This study recommends to evaluate the proportion of income sharing that must prioritized the community welfare, evaluating the cooperation between the government and private sector, improving the female participation, giving more chance to give an aspiration and also improving coordination among the sectors.

Kata Kunci : Komunitas, Persepsi, Bencana, Daerah Aliran Sungai, Kebijakan vii