OPTIMALISASI PENYELENGGARAAN PERTAHANAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN HUMAN SECURITY DALAM RANGKA MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN WILAYAH (STUDI DI KECAMATAN ENTIKONG, KABUPATEN SANGGAU, PROPINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT)

Rahman, Dr. Armaidy Armawi, M.Si

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ketahanan Nasional

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelembagaan, kondisi, potensi, dan kendala penyelenggaraan pertahanan wilayah di Kecamatan Entikong, Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat, dan mengetahui optimalisasi penyelenggaraan pertahanan wilayah perbatasan negara melalui pendekatan Human security di Entikong serta kontribusinya terhadap ketahanan wilayah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang mengambil lokasi di Kecamatan Entikong, Kabupaten Sanggau, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, studi dokumen, dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metoda deskriptif melalui proses reduksi data, penyajian data, dan pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) Kelembagaan pertahanan di Entikong terdiri dari unsur Kodim 1204/SGU, Satuan Tugas Pengamanan Perbatasan, unsur Polres Sanggau dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Sanggau didukung oleh kelembagaan pusat yang berada di Entikong, penyelenggaraan pertahanan di wilayah perbatasan Entikong belum maksimal yakni masih ada kelemahan seperti kurangnya pengawasan terhadap beberapa daerah terpencil, lalu lintas barang dan orang melalui jalan jalan tradisional belum bisa ditertibkan dan pelibatan masyarakat dalam pertahanan wilayah masih kurang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan sarana prasarana dasar (transportasi, listrik, air bersih, dan telekomunikasi), ketergantungan ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia di perbatasan terhadap Malaysia, keterbatasan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan keterbatasan piranti lunak tentang peran dan tugas pemerintah daerah dalam penyiapan, pembinaan dan pengerahan rakyat dan sumber daya alam sebagai tenaga cadangan dan pendukung pertahanan negara. 2) Optimalisasi penyelenggaraan pertahanan wilayah perbatasan negara di Kecamatan Entikong, dilaksanakan dengan memaksimalkan kinerja kelembagaan pertahanan non militer, dengan strategi pembangunan dan pengadaan infrastruktur dasar (transportasi darat, listrik, air bersih, dan telekomunikasi) untuk mendukung pengawasan dan pengamanan wilayah batas, pembangunan ekonomi wilayah Entikong untuk meminimalisasi ketergantungan ekonomi, perlindungan terhadap keamanan pribadi dan masyarakat dari tindak kejahatan dan kegiatan illegal, pengamanan dan pelestarian lingkungan dan pembinaan stabilitas politik melalui pembinaan nasionalisme serta kesadaran bela negara. Strategi pembangunan tersebut di atas memberikan kontribusi positip terhadap ketahanan wilayah, berupa peningkatan sikap nasionalisme masyarakat perbatasan Entikong, peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi, terpeliharanya stabilitas politik dan keamanan di wilayah perbatasan serta terpeliharanya keharmonisan dalam kehidupan sosial budaya dan toleransi beragama. Oleh karena itu, sebagai saran strategi pertahanan di wilayah perbatasan kedepan agar dilaksanakan melalui pembangunan infra struktur dasar (jalan darat paralel perbatasan, listrik, air bersih, dan telekomunikasi), pembangunan Entikong sebagai border development centre, peningkatan kualitas SDM melalui pendidikan dan pelayanan kesehatan,dan penyempurnaan piranti lunak tentang pertahanan non militer oleh pemerintah daerah.

This research is aimed at identifying the institutions, conditions, potentials, and obstacles in the implementation of regional defense in Entikong Subdistrict, Sanggau, West Kalimantan, and identifying the optimization of implementation of regional security of the country borders using Human security approach in Entikong and its contribution to the regional defense. This research belongs to a qualitative research which took place in Entikong Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Data collection employed interview, observation, document study and library study. Data were analyzed using descriptive method through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The research result indicates that: 1) defense institutions in Entikong consist of Kodim 1204/SGU, Border Security Task Force, District Police and Sanggau Regency Government supported by central institutions located in Entikong. The defense implementation in the Entikong border area still has some weaknesses, including the lack of supervision to several remote areas, irregularities in goods and human traffic through traditional road, and little involvement of the community in regional security. Such weaknesses are caused by limitedness of basic facilities and infrastructures (transportation, electricity, clean water and telecommunication), economic dependence of Indonesian people in the border area with Malaysia, limitedness of human resource quality and limitedness of software regarding the role and task of regional government in preparing, guiding and mobilizing people and natural resources as the backup and supporting elements of national defense. 2) optimization of the implementation of regional defense for country border in Entikong Subdistrict is carried out by maximizing the performance of non-military defense institutions through strategy of development and procurement of basic infrastructures (land transportation, electricity, clean water and telecommunication) in order to support the supervision and security of border area; economic development of Entikong region to minimize economic dependence; protection for personal and community security against crime and illegal activities; environmental protection and conservation as well as political stability education through nationalism and state defense awareness education. Such development strategies give positive contribution towards regional defense, encompassing the increase of nationalism of the Entikong border community, the increase of economic growth, the preservation of political and security stability in the border area, and the preservation of harmony in socio-cultural life and religious tolerance. Therefore, it is suggested that in the future the defense strategy in the border area is carried out through the development of basic infrastructures (land road parallel to the border, electricity, clean water and telecommunication), development of Entikong as the border development centre, improvement of human resource quality through education and health service, and perfection of software regarding nonmilitary defense by regional government.

Kata Kunci : Optimalisasi, Penyelenggaraan pertahanan, Wilayah perbatasan negara, Human security, Ketahanan wilayah.