FROM EXTRACTION TO MANUFACTURE: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF A RATTAN DEPENDENT COMMUNITY IN SAMARINDA, EAST KALIMANTAN

Aris Pudji Hadi, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Sejak dahulu rotan telah banyak dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu produk andalan hasil hutan bukan kayu Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Selain digunakan untuk keperluan alat bercocok tanam dan perlengkapan upacara adat, mereka juga memperdagangkan rotan mentah sebagai bahan baku industri kerajinan. Berangsur-angsur terjadi transformasi pemanfaatan rotan oleh masyarakat dengan mengolahnya menjadi berbagai produk peralatan rumah tangga, mebel dan aneka suvenir. Hal ini telah memberikan nilai tambah bagi sumber daya alam rotan dan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat. Kondisi demikian turut mendorong perkembangan kerajinan rotan di kota Samarinda. Dari studi lapang Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara secara langsung dan mendalam kepada para responden yang sekarang telah beralih pekerjaan sebagai pengrajin rotan di Samarinda. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengetahui alasan yang melatarbelakangi mereka melakukannya dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mendorongnya. an didapatkan informasi bahwa beberapa alasan responden, antara lain: tingkat pendapatan yang lebih tinggi bekerja di industri kerajinan rotan, keterbatasan lahan pertanian, meneruskan usaha orang tua, ajakan orang lain, motivasi untuk memiliki usaha sendiri dan tumbuhnya kesadaran dan tanggung jawab untuk melestarikan dan mempromosikan kerajinan tradisional. Sedangkan beberapa faktor yang turut mempengaruhi adalah faktor produksi, publikasi media massa, pembangunan infrastruktur dan fasilitas, inovasi teknologi permesinan, pengaruh adat dan budaya, serta kebijakan dan program pemerintah dan sektor swasta. larangan ekspor rotan Kebijakan pe mentah hendaknya lebih konsisten dilaksanakan untuk mengontrol dan menjamin pasokan bahan baku rotan industri rotan serta meningkatkan produktivitas industri rotan dalam negeri. Program pengelolaan hutan lestari juga perlu ditangani lebih intensif sehingga keberadaan sumber daya alam rotan di hutan alam akan tetap lestari. Diharapkan transformasi pemanfaatan rotan terus berlangsung dan semakin meningkat sehingga industri kerajinan rotan Indonesia dapat berkembang pesat dan mampu bersaing dengan eksportir dari negara lain di pasar global.

For centuries, the rattan has been most intensively cultivated by local inhabitants in Samarinda. This commodity seemingly brought relatively small benefits since it was still traded to other regions or abroad in the form of raw material. There is a better change in the rattan utilization in the recent years. People do not only exploit raw rattan, but they initiate to process it become semifinished or finished products. A great expectation addressed to this transformation that not only it could improve the value-added of rattan, but also the level of people‟s prosperity in producing areas might be optimally increased. With a spirit of developing rattan industry, the author tries to define the reasons why people transform in the rattan utilization from extraction to manufacture. The researcher also hopes to be able identify what factors conditioning it. The author has employed both qualitative method and descriptive analysis. The in-depth interview has been conducted to explore the respondent‟s opinion. The respondents are a few of rattan craftspersons in Samarinda as the target sample. The findings show that several reasons have led the people change their attitude and behavior in the use of rattan. These reasons include the better income generation, the limited supply of farm land, keeping family‟s business, other person‟s invitation, the motivation of having an own business, and the sense of responsibility to preserve and promote the traditional handicrafts. The identifications indicate that various factors have triggered the transformation in rattan utilization. These factors are the factors of production, the mass-media publication, the development of infrastructure and facility, the technological innovation of machinery, the influence of culture and custom, the policy and program of government, and private sector and institution. government is supposed to be consistent in the implementation of the ban o The Indonesian n raw rattan exports to control the supply of raw material and increase the productivity of domestic rattan industry. The sustainable forest management program also must be held seriously to secure the stock of rattan resources. In order to the supply of raw material could meet the demand of domestic rattan industry continuously. A great expectation that the transformation in rattan utilization is more increased so the domestic rattan industry is also more developed and could be prepared to compete with other exporters in the global market.

Kata Kunci : Transforma si, pemanfaatan rotan, pemungutan, pengolahan.