EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum)TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL PURKINJE CEREBELLUM DAN KOORDINASI MOTORIKTIKUS WISTAR (R.norvegicus)JANTAN REMAJA YANG DIINDUKSI MONOSODIUM GLUTAMAT

muhammad aminuddin, dr. Ginus Partadiredja, M.Sc., Ph.D., AIFM,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

LatarBelakang Monosodiumglutamat (MSG) diketahui dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan perubahan fungsi di berbagai area otak termasuk cerebellum. MSG bersifat sifat eksitatorik yang memicu perubahan depolarisasi sel, stresoksdatif yang berujung pada nekrosis sel dan apoptosis sel. Ekstrak etanol bawang putih (A.sativum) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan, berfungsi sebagai neuroprotektif dengan menekan stres oksidatif dan menghambat caspase 3. TujuanPenelitian Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek pemberian ekstrak etanol bawang putih (A. sativum) terhadap jumlah sel Purkinje dan fungsi koordinasi motorik pada tikus Wistar (R. norvegicus) jantan remaja yang diinduksi MSG. Metode Dua puluhlima tikusWistar (R.norvegicus) jantan remaja dengan berat 100-150 gr di bagi secara acak menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok K1(control negatif), diberi normal saline 2 ml/100grBB. Kelompok K2(control positif) diberi MSG 2mg/grBBip. Kelompok P1, P2 dan P3 (kelompok perlakuan), diberi MSG 2mg/grBBip di tambah ekstrak bawang putih peroral masing-masing dosis 36 mg/200grBB, 72mg/200grBB dan 144 mg/200grBB. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 10 hari dengan jarak pemberian ekstrak bawang putih setengah jam sebelum injeksi MSG. Koordinasi motorik diukur sebelum penelitian (hari ke-11) dan sesudah penelitian (hari ke-22 dan hari ke-42). Kemudian tikus dilakukan perfusi untuk pengambilan cerebellum yang kemudian dibuat preparat histologi. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan estimasi total jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum dengan metode fraksi onator fisik dengan nucleolus sebagai unit hitung. HasilPenelitian Jumlah sel Purkinje kelompok P1 (263.016+14,8), P2 (272.520+22,9) dan P3 (284.760+15,3) berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok K2 (211.440+8,9).Analisistatistik koordinasi motorik antar kelompok menunjukkan hasil tidak signifikan, baik berdasarkan jumlah jatuh maupun lama bertahan di atas tabung putar. Kesimpulan Ekstrak etanol bawang putih (A.sativum) dapat mencegah penurunan jumlah sel Purkinje cerebellum tetapitidak berpegaruh terhadap koordinasi motorik pada tikus Wistar jantan remaja yang diinduksi 2mg/grBB MSG.

Background Monosodium glutamat (MSG) is known to influence the growth, the development and the changes on functions of many brain areas, including cerebellum. MSG is an excitatoric substance which triggers changes in cell depolarization and oxidative stress leading to cell necrosis and cell apoptosis. The ethanolic extract of garlic (A.sativum) is able to increase antioxidant activities and functions as neuroprotective substance by lowering the level of oxidative stress and decreasing caspase-3 activity. Objective This research aims at scrutinizing the effects of ethanolic extract of garlic (A. sativum) on Purkinje cell number andmotor coordination function in young male Wistar rats (R.norvegicus) exposed by MSG Methods Twenty five young male Wistar rats (R.norvegicus) weighing between 100-150 grams were randomly divided into 5 groups. K1 group (negative control) was given normal saline 2ml/100g b.w. K2 group (positive control) was given MSG 2mg/g bw. ip. P1, P2, and P3 (treatment groups) were given MSG 2mg/g. b.w. ip and garlic extract peroral (36 mg/200g. bw., 72mg/200g. bw. and 144 mg/200g. bw. respectively). The treatment was conducted for 10 days in which garlic extract was given 30 minutes before injecting MSG. Motor coordination is measured before the treatment (on the 11 th day) and after the treatment (day 22 and 42). The rats were then sacrificed. The cerebellum of the rats were taken for further histological analysis. The total number of Purkinje cells was estimated using physical fractionator method. Results The estimated total number of Purkinje cell in groups P1 (263.016+14,8), P2 (272.520+22,9) and P3 (284.760+15,3) are significantly different (p<0,05) from K2 group (211.440+8,9). There was no significant difference between group in motor coordination task, as measured in the number of falls and the latency time. Conclusion Ethanolic extract of garlic (A.sativum) prevented the decline of Purkinje cell number in the cerebellum of rats following MSG administration. There was no significant effect of 2 mg/g. bw. MSG on motor coordination performance of task.

Kata Kunci : selPurkinje, koordinasimotorik, msg, A.sativum