FORMULASI SEDIAAN HIDROGEL PENYEMBUH LUKA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis)

Sri Hartati Yuliani, S.Si., Apt., M.Si., Prof. Dr. Achmad Fudholi, DEA, Apt

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Farmasi

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai penyembuh luka sehingga sangat relevan untuk mengembangkan sediaan penyembuh luka dari binahong dengan pendekatan teknologi formulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas penyembuh luka dan potensi iritasi ekstrak etanol daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis), pengaruh panas sterilisasi basah dan kering, pengaruh formula terhadap sifat fisis dan stabilitas sediaan, dan mendapatkan formula optimum sediaan hidrogel penyembuh luka ekstrak etanol daun binahong. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dan desain faktorial. Penelitian dimulai dengan pembuatan ekstrak etanol daun binahong dan standarisasi ekstrak tersebut. Setelah didapatkan ekstrak, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penetapan dosis ekstrak dalam sediaan. Di sisi lain, penelitian mengenai pengaruh panas sterilisasi basah dan kering terhadap sifat fisis basis hidrogel juga dilakukan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh formula terhadap sifat fisis dan stabilitas sediaan serta mencari formula optimum sediaan hidrogel penyembuh luka ekstrak etanol daun binahong. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun binahong dengan kadar 5% mempunyai aktivitas penyembuh luka terbesar dengan nilai WBS 63,30%. Iritasi mulai muncul pada ekstrak etanol dengan kadar 10%. Panas sterilisasi basah menyebabkan penurunan viskositas dan peningkatan daya sebar lebih kecil dibandingkan panas sterilisasi kering. Carbopol memberikan kontribusi/pengaruh paling besar pada viskositas, daya sebar, extrudability dan bioadesi sediaan, berpengaruh memperkecil penurunan viskositas dan kadar asam ursolat dalam sediaan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan bioadesi sediaan. Na-CMC memberikan pengaruh terhadap sifat fisis gel kecuali bioadesi, memperbesar penurunan viskositas dan bioadesi, tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar asam ursolat, dan memberikan kontibusi paling besar terhadap penurunan bioadesi. Ca-alginat memberikan pengaruh terhadap viskositas, daya sebar, extrudability dan bioadesi sediaan, memperbesar penurunan viskositas, bioadesi dan kadar asam ursolat, dan memberikan kontribusi paling besar terhadap penurunan viskositas dan kadar asam ursolat sediaan. Ditemukan area yang memenuhi syarat sediaan hidrogel ekstrak daun binahong pada rentang Ca-alginat antara 0,50 – 0,71 g, Na-CMC antara 0,20 – 0,71 g, dan Carbopol antara 1,03 – 1,07 g.

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) has been used as wound healing in traditional Indonesian medicine and it is relevant to develop dosage forms of binahong using formulation technology approach. The aims of this research were to study the wound healing activity and irritation potency of ethanolic extract of binahong leaves, the effect of wet and dry heat sterilization to physical properties of the hydrogel base, to study the effect of formula to physical properties and stability of the hydrogel wound healing of etanolic extract of leaves of binahong, and to find out the optimum formula of hydrogel wound healing of etanolic extract of binahong. Pure experimental and factorial design were used in this research. The research was begun with extraction of the binahong leaves and standardized the extract, then looked for the dose of the extract that incorpored to the hydrogel dosage forms. In the other hand, the research about the effect of the heat sterilization to physical properties of hydrogel base was done. The next step was looking for the effect of formula to the physical properties and stability of the wound healing hydrogel of etanolic extract of leaves of binahong and finding out the composition of Carbopol, Na-CMC and Ca-alginate that exhibit good physical properties and stability. The result of this study stated that the highest activity of wound healing was shown by the sample containing 5% of the ethanolic extract of binahong leaves. The percentage activity of wound healing was 63,30%. Irritation appeared on the 10% ethanolic extract of binahong leaves. Wet heat sterilization altered the viscosity and spreadability properties of the hydrogel base was less than dry heat sterilization. Carbopol exhibited the biggest effect on the viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and bioahesive properties of the hydrogel among Na-CMC and Caalginate. It maintained the stability of viscosity and active compound, but exhibited no effect on stability of bioadhesion of the hydrogel. Na-CMC exhibited significant effect on the viscosity, spreadability and extrudability, while no significant effect on the bioadhesion of the hydrogel. It would accelerate the alteration of the viscosity and bioadhesion of the hydrogel, but exhibited no effect on the active compound degree. It exhibited the biggest effect on the alteration of bioadhesion. Ca-alginate exhibited significant effect on all of the physical properties of the hydrogel. It accelerated the alteration of the viscosity, bioadhesion and active compound degree of the hydogel. It exhibited the biggest effect on the alteration of viscosity and active compound degree among Na-CMC and Carbopol. The composition of the Carbopol, Na-CMC and Ca-alginate that exhibit good properties was found in the range of Carbopol 1,03 – 1,07 g, Na- CMC 0,20 – 0,71 g, and Ca-alginate 0,50 – 0,71 g.

Kata Kunci : daun binahong, hidrogel, sifat fisis, stabilitas, formula optimum