PENGARUH KONSELING GIZI DAN PENAMBAHAN MAKANAN TERHADAP ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DAN STATUS GIZI PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS RAWAT JALAN DI RSUP Dr SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

YUNIARTI, Martalena Br Purba, MCN, Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah syndrom dengan gejala penyakit oportunistik akibat menurunnya system kekebalan tubuh oleh infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pasien ODHA umumnya mengalami penurunan berat badan drastis dan berstatus gizi rendah disertai infeksi oportunistik, sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan khusus pada pasien ODHA melalui konseling. Tujuan Penelitian: untuk mengetahui pengaruh Konseling Gizi dan penambahan makanan (Konseling gizi plus) dibandingkan yang hanya mendapat konseling gizi terhadap asupan zat gizi (energi dan protein) dan status gizi ODHA. esain penelitian Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan d adalah non-randomized control group pretest-postest design. pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling menggunakan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Sarjito, pada Bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Maret 2012. Data dianalisis dengan Uji t Paired untuk asupan zat gizi dan status gizi. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik asupan energi kelompok konseling gizi plus secara bermakna lebih tinggi dibanding konseling gizi (ada perubahan sebesar 141,40 kcal vs 15,99 kcal) dan OR 4,96, sedangkan asupan protein lebih tinggi dibanding konseling gizi saja meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna (ada perubahan sebesar 6,28 g vs 5,11 g) dan OR 1,94, begitu juga perubahan berat badan lebih rendah dibanding konseling gizi saja meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna ( ada perubahan sebesar 0,46 kg vs 0,75 kg) dan OR 1,21, serta status gizi lebih rendah dibanding konseling gizi saja meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna (ada perubahan indeks massa tubuh sebesar 0,18 kg/m2 vs 0,32 kg/m2) dan OR 1,25. Kesimpulan: Pengaruh konseling gizi plus dapat meningkatkan asupan energi tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan asupan protein, berat badan dan indeks massa tubuh.

Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome of opportunistic disease symptom due by decreased immunity caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) generally lose weight progressively and have low nutrition status followed by opportunistic infection, so that certain approach is needed to take care of PLWHA through counseling. Objective: To identify effect of nutrition counseling and extra feeding (nutrition counseling plus) compared to nutrition counseling to nutrient (protein and energy) intake and nutrition status of PLWHA. Method: The study was an experiment with non randomized control group pre test – post test design. Samples were taken purposively using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was carried out at Dr. Sardjito Hospital from January to March 2012. Data were analyzed using paired t test to identify nutrient intake and nutrition status. (change Results: The result of statistical test showed intake of energy of the group with nutrition counseling plus was significantly higher than the group with nutrition counseling only of 141.40 kcal vs. 15.99 kcal) and OR 4.96. Mean while protein intake was insignificantly higher than nutrition counseling (change of 6.28 g vs 5.11 g) and OR 1.94. Weight was also insignificantly lower than nutrition counseling (change of 0.46 kg vs. 0.75 kg) and OR 1.21. Nutrition status was also insignificantly lower than nutrition counseling (changes in body mass index 0.18 kg/m2 vs. 0.32 kg/m2 ) and OR 1.25. Conclusion: Nutrition counseling plus could increase energy intake but could not increase protein intake, weight, and body mass index.

Kata Kunci : Konseling gizi plus, Konseling gizi, Asupan Zat Gizi (energi dan protein), Status Gizi, ODHA