PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TABURIA (SPRINKLE) TERHADAP LAMA DAN FREKUENSI DIARE AKUT ANAK

Sopiyandi, Prof.dr. M. Jufrie, Sp.AK, Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Penyebab kematian balita terbanyak adalah diare dan pnemonia (25,2% dan 15,5%). Lima langkah tuntaskan diare merupakan salah satu manajemen terpadu dalam penanganan diare saat ini, yakni pemberian oralit, pemberian tablet zinc selama 10 hari berturut-turut, teruskan air susu ibu-makan, pemberian antibiotik secara selektif dan pemberian nasihat pada ibu/keluarga. Pemberian zinc dengan kombinasi Vitamin A dan micronutrient pada anak diare Afrika Selatan telah diteliti oleh Chhagan et.al di Pakistan oleh Sharieff et.al yang hasilnya menurunkan morbiditas, durasi, frekuensi dan diare berulang. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi taburia (sprinkle) terhadap lama dan frekuensi diare. Metode: Penelitian Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), desain pararel dengan randomisasi. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi dua, kelompok pertama mendapatkan terapi tambahan taburia (sprinkle) 1 bungkus/hari serta kelompok kedua sebagai kontrol. Masing-masing kelompok mendapatkan terapi baku pengobatan diare di puskesmas. Besar sampel masing-masing kelompok 30 anak usia 1-5 tahun. Pemilihan subjek berdasarkan ramdom allocation menggunakan teknik simple ramdomization. Hasil : Lama diare perlakuan 33,25 ± 18,08 jam dan kontrol 43,7 ± 19,25 jam. Frekuensi diare perlakuan 4,93 ± 3,41 kali/hari, kontrol 6,33 ± 3,20 kali/hari. Hasil uji statistik terdapat pengaruh penambahan taburia terhadap lama dan frekuensi diare (p<0,05) Kesimpulan: penambahan taburia dalam terapi baku diare memperpendek lama diare dan memperkecil frekuensi diare.

Background: Major causes of mortality in children are diarrhea and pneumonia (25.2% and 15.5%). “ Five steps of diarrhea management” is an integrated approach in the management of diarrhea comprising the supplementation of oral rehydration, zinc within 10 days subsequently, breastfeeding and food, selective antibiotics and advice for the mother/family. Zinc supplementation combined with vitamin A and micronutrient can minimize morbidity, duration and frequency of diarrhea, and the incidence of recurrent diarrhea. Objective: to find out the effect of taburia supplementation (sprinkle) to duration and frequency of diarrhea. Method: The study was an RCT with parallel design. Subject consisted of two groups; the first got therapy of taburia (sprinkle) 1 pack/day and the second was the control group. Each group got standard diarrhea medication at the health center. Samples consisted of 30 children of 1-5 years old per group. They were taken using simple randomization technique. Result: Duration of diarrhea of the experiment group was 33,25 ± 18,08 hours and the control group was 43,7 ± 19,25 hours. Frequency of diarrhea of the experiment group was 4,93 ± 3,41 times and the control group was 6,33 ± 3,20 times. The result of statistical test showed there was effect of taburia supplementation to duration and frequency of diarrhea (p<0,05) Conclusion: Supplementation of taburia in the standard therapy of diarrhea shortened the duration and minimize the frequency of diarrhea.

Kata Kunci : taburia, diare akut, lama diare dan frekuensi diare.