MODEL PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG MEJA BERBASIS ANALISIS STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING KASUS DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT

Natalsen Basna, Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Marsono

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Kehutanan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis penutupan hutan, perkembangan areal lahan, kerusakan lingkungan, dan tata guna lahan hutan, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor modal manusia, fisik, sosial, dan faktor kebijakan pemerintah yang mempengaruhi kerusakan hutan dan lingkungan hutan berbasis analisis structural equation modelling (SEM), (3) menyusun model pengelolaan lingkungan hutan berkelanjutan dalam rangka pelestarian hutan berdasarkan hasil analisis SEM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah (1) model analisis citra satelit dengan sistem informasi geografi terhadap kondisi lingkungan biofisik yang mencakup variabel penutupan hutan, perkembangan areal lahan, kerusakan lahan dan tata guna lahan dengan populasi seluruh kawasan hutan berdasarkan hasil liputan citra yang dilakukan pengecekan lapangan, (2) model analisis structural equation modelling (SEM) menggunakan paket program analisis of moment structures (AMOS) terhadap kerusakan, modal manusia, fisik, sosial, dan kebijakan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penutupan lahan mendominasi tanah terbuka, tetapi indikasi kerusakan sudah terjadi dan tidak bisa diabaikan, perkembangan areal lima tahun terahir menunjukan perubahan indikator penggunaan lahan masyarakat berbentuk perladangan berpindah, penambahan pemukiman penduduk, penebangan liar dan bagunan fisik lainnya. Modal manusia, fisik, sosial merupakan variabel yang dapat memprediksi kerusakan hutan secara signifikan, sedangkan kebijakan tidak signifikan, dan kerusakan hutan memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat. Pemberdayaan modal manusia, fisik, sosial, ekonomi masyarakat berupa bantuan dasar, skill maupun investasi dan pembagian kawasan berdasarkan blok, rekayasa struktur hutan tanaman campuran lokal pada blok rehabilitasi, arahan jalur pengembagan jasa dan pariwisata alam yang mengelilingi kawasan, hutan penelitian dan pendidikan dan arahan pemanfaatan kawasan hutan.

This research was aimed at (1) analyzing the forest cover, land development, environmental degradation, and land use of the forest, (2) analyzing the factors of human capital, physical capital, social capital, and government policy factors that influence forest degradation and environmental degradation based on the analysis of structural equation modeling (SEM), (3) developing a model of sustainable forest environmental management in the frame of forest conservation based on the results of the analysis of structural equation modeling. The research methods employed were (1) analysis model of satellite imagery with geographical information system for the biophysical environment that includes the variables of forest cover, land development, land degradation and land use with the population of the entire forest area based on the result of imagery coverage through field check, (2) analysis model of structural equation modeling (SEM) using the program package analysis of moment structures (AMOS) against damage, human capital, physical, social and government policy. The results showed that the dominant land cover tebuka land, but an indication of the damage was done and could not be ignored, the five-year development area Puspa show changes, the indicator uses the shape shifting cultivation land, residential additions, penebagan logging and other physical buildings. Human capital, physical, social is a variable that can predict deforestation significantly while the policy is not significant, and degradation negatively impact community empowerment. Empowering human capital, physical, social, economic community in the form of basic assistance, skills and investment and distribution kawaan by block, structural engineering mixed plantations locally on the block rehabilitation, referral services and developing a path that surrounds the nature of tourism, forest research and education and referrals utilization of forest area.

Kata Kunci : Perambahan, kerusakan lingkungan, structural equation model (SEM), paket program AMOS, modal manusia, modal sosial, modal fisik, kebijakan pemerintah, dan kelestarian