THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON DEFORESTATION IN INDONESIA
Eri Mildranaya, Koji Kotani
2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan-
Deforestation has been a serious issue since 1970 until now involved many factors. The economic and social factor such as population, GDP, education, industrial wood base and utilization permits are the most factors accused as part of deforestation in Indonesia. Mean while forest fire as natural factor, allegedly contributes to forest destruction. Furthermore, economic regulation related to forest concession both natural forest concession and plantation forest concession are believe to become serious threaten on sustainable forest management in Indonesia. In order to give more attention to solve deforestation, Indonesia Government implemented various regulations either preventive or repressive acts to minimize deforestation, instead around period 2003-2009, after decentralization emerges, these effort is hard to measure because the problem more complicated and lack supported data. Based on regression result, generally, some socio-economic factors are not to be a big pressure to deforestation in Indonesia. In fact, economic factor that is forest concessions either the number of natural forest concession or the wide area planted by plantation forest concession respectively affecting deforestation. This result is unexpected and out of government expectation. Based on analyzing many documents related to economic activities in these variables, positive contribution forest concession to deforestation could be happen because there are too many miss implementations economic theory principally, such as practice of unfairness property rights between concession holders or communities, unclear rules on evenness distribution of forest resources, unclear standard price of environmental compensation and market failure. Forest utilization regulations and overlapping regulations after decentralization between forestry sector and other sectors seem to be the main problem on deforestation in Indonesia. Hitherto, in order to maintain sustainable economic by employing forest resources wisely, and to avoid ineffectiveness and inefficiency, Indonesia government must immediately neat the problem on forestry regulations.
Kata Kunci : deforestation, socio-economic factors, forest concession, Indonesia
