DETEKSI FUNGI PENYEBAB MASTITIS PADA SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN PAKEM KABUPATEN SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

FIKA YULIZA PURBA, Dr. drh. Soedarmanto Indarjulianto

2012 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Mastitis merupakan peradangan ambing yang disebabkan oleh berbagai agen penyebab dan dikategorikan sebagai salah satu penyakit yang penting pada sapi perah. Selain bakteri, fungi juga dapat menjadi agen penyebab mastitis. Negara-negara tropis memiliki prevalensi penyakit mastitis mikotika yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan mastitis mikotika pada sapi perah di Kecamatan Pakem, Yogyakarta melalui pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratoris. Enam puluh ekor sapi perah betina laktasi dipilih secara random dari 4 desa di Kecamatan Pakem sebagai sampel penelitian yang dimulai sejak Oktober 2011. Registrasi dilakukan sebelum dilaksanakannya pemeriksaan fisik terhadap sapi. Registrasi mencakup pendataan pendidikan terakhir peternak, pengalaman beternak dan jumlah kepemilikan ternak serta data umur ternak, jumlah laktasi, periode laktasi, jumlah produksi susu, riwayat mastitis, riwayat pengobatan mastitis, hasil pemeriksaan California Mastitis Test. Diagnosis mastitis dikonfirmasi melalui California Mastitis Test. Pemeriksaan laboratoris dilakukan dengan melakukan kultur susu pada Saboraud’s Dextrose Agar, dan diamati selama 4 minggu. Susu yang digunakan dalam pemeriksaan laboratoris berasal dari sapi yang didiagnosis mastitis subklinis (101 sampel) dan sapi yang sehat (5 sampel). Data hasil registrasi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemeriksaan di lapangan adalah 101 dari 234 kuartir (43,16%) sapi bereaksi positif terhadap California Mastitis Test. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan laboratoris, 24 sampel susu dideteksi positif fungi (22,64%) dan sebanyak 31 fungi telah diisolasi. Fungi yang diidentifikasi adalah Geotrichum sp. (38,70%), Cryptococcus sp. (32,25%); Penicillium sp. (16,13%); Aspergillus sp. (6,46%), Exophiala sp. (3,23%) dan Fusarium sp. (3,23 %). Berdasarkan hasil penyidikan penyakit secara epidemiologi, mastitis mikotika ditemukan pada sapi perah di Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Mastitis mikotika ditemukan pada sapi perah berbagai tingkatan umur, jumlah laktasi, periode laktasi, jumlah produksi susu, dengan atau tanpa riwayat mastitis dan pengobatan, sedangkan pada tingkat peternak, mastitis mikotika ditemukan pada sapi perah yang dipelihara oleh peternak dengan latar belakang pendidikan SD hingga SMU, dengan pengalaman beternak dan jumlah kepemilikan ternak yang bervariasi.

Mastitis, as important disease in dairy cows is mammary gland inflammation, caused by various pathogens. Besides bacteria, fungus can be mastitis agent. Tropical countries are reported to have higher prevalence of mycotic mastitis. The study was conducted to detect the mycotic mastitis disease in dairy cows in Pakem sub-district of Yogyakarta through laboratory examination of milk. The material consisted of 60 dairy cows, elected by random sampling method from 4 village located in Pakem sub-district. The study has conducted on October 2011. Registration has done before the cows were physically examined. Registration data included farmer factors as the last education, farming experience and the number of cows possession and host factors, as age, number of lactation, stage of lactation, milk production level, previous history of mastitis and its therapy, California Mastitis Test examination result. Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis was confirmed by California Mastitis Test examination. As much as 106 milk samples were laboratory tested, derived from subclinical mastitis cows (101 samples) and healthy cows (5 samples). The laboratory examination was performed by fungus culture on Saboraud’s Dextrose Agar for 4 weeks of observation. Registration dat were analyzed descriptively. The California Mastitis Test was showed positive result on 101 out of 234 quarters (43.16%). The laboratory examination resulted of 24 fungi-positive cultures (22.64%) and 31 fungi were isolated. Six species of fungi were isolated: Geotrichum sp. (38.70%), Cryptococcus sp. (32.25%); Penicillium sp. (16.13%); Aspergillus sp. (6.46%), Exophiala sp. (3.23%) and Fusarium sp. (3.23 %). Concluded from epidemiological disease investigation result, mycotic mastitis was found on dairy cows in Pakem sub-district, Sleman district of Yogyakarta. Mycotic mastitis was found on dairy cows with variation of age, number of lactation, lactation stage, level of milk production, either with previous history of mastitis and its therapy or not, and those cared by farmers with stage of education varied from SD to SMU, with long or short-time farming experience, and number of cows possession

Kata Kunci : mastitis mikotika, fungi, sapi perah