KRITIK ISLAM TERHADAP PEMIKIRAN LIBERALISME AGAMA TETANG KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT

harda armayanto, Prof. Dr. M. Abdul Karim, M.A., M.A.,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Perbandingan Agama/Kajian Timur Tengah

Kerukunan antar umat beragama sepanjang sejarah menjadi perbincangan masif yang banyak merumuskan ide untuk membangunnya. Setiap pakar, agamawan maupun bukan, memiliki konsep tersendiri untuk membangun kerukunan itu. Sebagian mereka menempatkan agama sebagai sumber perdamaian, sebagian lain menempatkan agama sebagai sumber konflik. Kelompok terakhir memunculkan penafsiran kembali ajaran-ajaran agama untuk tujuan perdamaian. Bagi kelompok ini, ajaran agama banyak yang mengajarkan kekerasan dan tidak sesuai lagi dengan nafas kerukunan dan perdamaian. Walhasil, muncullah penafsiran-penafsiran ajaran agama yang liberal dan bahkan cenderung keluar dari ajaran agama itu. Mereka inilah yang dikenal dengan pengusung liberalisme agama. Mereka beranggapan ajaran agama banyak yang tidak sesuai, sehingga mengakibatkan intoleransi dan kontra kerukunan. Khususnya Islam yang menjadi objek penelitian ini, pendukung liberalisme agama mendekonstruksi syari’at Islam. Menurut mereka hukum-hukum Islam yang berkaitan dengan non-Muslim sangat diskriminatif dan sangat bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), misalnya dalam hal kebebasan dan berkeyakinan. Untuk itu, kerukunan antar umat beragama hanya dapat dicapai dengan mengedepankan tafsir liberal terhadap ajaran-ajaran agama. Dari sini kemudian lahir gagasan-gagasan mengenai kerukunan antar umat beragama seperti, gagasan bahwa di luar Islam ada keselamatan, melegalkan homoseks-lesbian, menghalalkan nikah beda agama (muslimah dengan non-muslim), dan menganjurkan murtad. Penelitian ini bersifat explanatory (menerangkan) dengan bahan-bahan yang diambil dari kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teologis normatif dan pisau analisis Islamic worldview (pandangan hidup Islam). Dengan pendekatan dan pisau analisis ini, peneliti senantiasa merujuk kepada konsep-konsep dasar Islam, yakni al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah, serta senantiasa mengaitkan penelitiannya kepada unsur tauhidullah (pemurnian ke Maha Tunggalan Allah). Peneliti menemukan argumen para liberalis mengenai kerukunan antar umat yang diambil dari ajaran-ajaran agama Islam tidak mendasar. Penafsiran mereka terhadap ayat-ayat kerukunan dan hadits-hadits Nabi SAW tentang itu ternyata jauh dari pemahaman ulama salaf al-shalih. Peneliti membuktikannya di dalam penelitian ini. Untuk membangun kerukunan, Islam memiliki konsep yang khas dan sangat indah. Dalam Islam terdapat prinsip kebebasan beragama, prinsip menghormati orang lain dengan ajarannya, dan prinsip persaudaraan sesama manusia. Islam juga memiliki ajaran berupa dialog antar umat beragama yang tentunya mendukung terciptanya kerukunan di antara mereka. Kerukunan yang digagas Islam adalah dengan mengembangkan wacana agama yang toleran tapi tidak mengorbankan keyakinan, dan sebaliknya mempertahankan keyakinan tanpa mengorbankan ketentraman dan kesejahteraan yang menjadi kebutuhan bersama.

Many ideas appeared to build a religious harmony since it has been the massive topic throughout the history of religion in the world. From each of the expert, religious man or neither has their own concept about how to build the harmony in the religious life. Some of them place the religion as a peace sources, and other as a conflict sources. Who places the religion as a conflict sources try to raise the reinterpretation of the doctrines of religion for peace purpose. These people argued that many of religion doctrines which is taught the violence is not inappropriate anymore by the principle of harmony and peace. Hence, it caused the raise of many liberal interpretations of religious doctrines but tend to out of the essence. They were what known as the bearer of religious liberalism. They assumed many religions’ doctrines are so inappropriate, thus causing intolerance and inharmony. Islam, a particular object of this research, is also being an object of liberal interpretations by the liberalism supporter. They argued that the Islamic law which is related to non-Moslem is discriminatory and contrary by the human rights. For this reason, inter-religious harmony can only achieved by promoting the liberal interpretation of religious doctrines, such as the idea of salvation out of Islam, legalize homosexual and lesbians, justify the interfaith marriage (Muslimah and non-Muslim), and encourage murtad (Apostasy). This research is explanatory (explaining), which materials are taken from the library (library research). This study is used a normative theological approach and used an Islamic worldview to analyze it. Based on both, researcher is constantly referring to the basic concepts of Islam, al-Qur’an and al-Sunnah (Prophetic Tradition), and also referring to tauhidullah. It was found in this research, that the liberal arguments about religious harmony among the people which are taken from Islamic doctrines are false. Their interpretation of the harmony verses and prophetic tradition related to the matter was far away from the understanding of Moslem scholars’(‘ulama salaf al-shalih). In order to build the harmony they argued that there was another salvation out of Islam, legalized homosexual and lesbians practice, justify interfaith marriage, and let the Moslem become apostasy. In fact, Islam does not teach any of that. Researchers in this study prove it. Islam has very beautiful and distinctive concept to build the religious harmony, such as the principle of religious freedom, the principle of respect for other people with his religion doctrines, and the principles of human brotherhood. Islam also has a doctrine of inter-religious dialogue that would support the creation of harmony among them. A religious harmony in Islam is initiated by developing a tolerant religious discourse, but not compromising beliefs, otherwise maintain the peace and prosperity without compromising the needs together.

Kata Kunci : Kerukunan, Liberalisme Agama, Islam, al-Qur’an, dan al-Sunnah.