TRANSFORMASI ESTETIKA SENI RUPA BALI PADA KARYA UPADANA DAN VALASARA DALAM PAMERAN SENI RUPA SENSUOUS OBJECTS

I Gede Arya Sucitra, Prof. Dr. R.M. Soedarsono

2012 | Tesis | S2 Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa

Wajah seni rupa Bali selama abad ke-20 telah mengalami perubahan dengan masuknya kebudayaan luar terutama akibat intervensi penjajah Belanda. Akulturasi tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya transformasi estetis besar-besaran pada sistem estetika formal, fungsi dan tematis melalui beberapa tahap. Kini di era postmodern, yang seringkali disebut era kontemporer, transformasi seni dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan dan nilai lokalitas dimana perupa tinggal, berkembang dan berproses kreatif. Arus perkembangan modernisasi melalui sistem pendidikan seni, masuknya globalisasi dengan menggandeng pariwisata, teknologi modern dan industrialisasi mempengaruhi cara pandang dan metode berproses kreatif seniman. Proses transformasi nilai-nilai tradisi Bali dalam penciptaan seni rupa kontemporer bisa dilakukan secara sederhana melalui inovasi bentuk dan tema, material medium dan ekspresi. Tema tradisi melalui konsepsi lokal seperti cerita rakyat, Ramayana dan Mahabrata, Tri Hita Karana, Desa Kala Patra, Rwa Bhineda dan banyak lagi unsur-unsur tradisi Bali yang kaya bisa diolah, ditransformasikan ke dalam penciptaan seni kontemporer yang punya misi dan tujuan tertentu. Representasi bentuk seni kontemporer ini diperkaya dengan kehadiran tema seputar politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya hingga kritik lingkungan yang lalu dibalut dengan konsep-konsep nilai tradisi. Perupa yang menjadi fokus penelitian transformasi estetika seni rupa Bali yakni I Wayan Upadana dan Made Wiguna Valasara dalam pameran seni rupa Sensuous Objects di Bentara Budaya Yogyakarta 2010. Karya mereka menampilkan dinamika seni kontemporer, pencitraan estetika seni rupa Bali yang berbeda dari periode karya-karya pendahulunya yakni periode seni rupa klasik dan modern Bali. Pengolahan visual yang dimulai dari sensibilitas eksplorasi intermedium, gaya, tema hingga muatan kontekstual yang sesuai jiwa zaman. Walau karya mereka bernafaskan citra pop, formalis minimalis namun spirit, ruh lokalitas Bali dapat ditemukan dan ditafsir melalui pendekatan kritik seni. Transformasi estetis menuju seni rupa kontemporer akhirnya memperkaya wajah seni rupa Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin, membongkar alur transformasi seni rupa Bali dengan pendekatan sejarah, sosiologi dan sisi estetika karya dianalisis dengan pendekatan estetika.

During 20th century, Balinese visual art has already changed influenced by the coming of other cultures, especially from the Dutch colonial intervention. The acculturation process caused total aesthetic transformation system, such as in formal aesthetics, function and thematic changes through several stages. Now in the postmodern era, which is often called the contemporary era, the art transformation is influenced by environmental conditions and the locality value where the artists live, develop, and proceed creatively. The development of modernization through the art education system, globalization entry followed by tourism, modern technology and industrialization, influence point of view, creative processing methods of the artists. The transformation process of Balinese traditional values in the contemporary visual art creation can be done simply through innovative forms and themes, material medium, and expression. The tradition theme through local conception such as folklore of Ramayana and Mahabharata, Tri Hita Karana, the village of Kala Patra, Rwa Bhineda, and many others can be processed, transformed towards the contemporary art creation with a certain mission and purpose. The application of the contemporary art form is enriched by the topics of political, economic, social culture, environmental critics, covered by traditional values. I Wayan Upadana and Made Wiguna Valasara are the aesthetic transformation of Balinese visual art artists that are the researcher focus on in this paper. It took from Sensuous Objects in the art exhibition located in Bentara Budaya Yogyakarta 2010. Their works show the dynamics of contemporary art, which is very different from the previous works in the sides of Balinese visual art aesthetics whether it is in classic or in modern era. Visual processing is started from the sensibility of inter-medium exploration, style, theme, and also contextual sides which are based on the era’s demand. Although they adopt the work of pop imagery, like formalist minimalism but they are full of spirit. The spirit of Bali locality can be found and interpreted through the art criticism approach. The aesthetic transformations into the contemporary visual art finally enrich Balinese visual art. This research applies a multidisciplinary approach; reconstructs and transforms Balinese visual art, with historical and sociology approaches, and the aesthetic sides of the works which are analyzed with an aesthetic approach.

Kata Kunci : akulturasi, transformasi estetika, unsur lokal-tradisi, eksplorasi intermedium, seni rupa kontemporer