PENGARUH KOMBINASI SUMBER NITROGEN (N) ASAL PUPUK KANDANG SAPI DAN PUPUK UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BENIH JAGUNG

ENDANG SRI DEWI HS, Prof. Dr. Ir. Prapto Yudono M.Sc.,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Kebutuhan jagung terus meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan pendududuk. Meskipun demikian, produksi jagung sering mengalami kendala karena penggunaan bahan tanam yang tidak bermutu. Upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah memproduksi benih bermutu fisiologi tinggi. Benih jagung bermutu fisiologi tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui pengelolaan hara yang efisien terutama nitrogen (N). Nitrogen merupakan hara esensial yang mempengaruhi pembentukan organ vegetatif tanaman jagung. Nitrogen dapat diperoleh melalui aplikasi pupuk, baik pupuk organik seperti pupuk kandang sapi maupun anorganik seperti urea. Penelitian ini telah dijalankan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dosis kombinasi nitrogen asal pupuk kandang sapi dan pupuk urea yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil benih jagung. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2012, di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 5 taraf perlakuan yaitu N0: 100% N asal pupuk urea (5,25 g/pot); N1: 25% N asal pupuk kandang sapi (114 g/pot) + 75% N asal pupuk urea (3,93 g/pot); N2: 50% N asal pupuk kandang sapi (227 g/pot) + 50% N asal pupuk urea (2,62/pot); N3: 75% N asal pupuk kandang sapi (342 g/pot) + 25% N asal pupuk urea (1,31 g/pot) dan N4: 100% N asal pupuk kandang sapi (455 g/pot). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel aktivitas fisiologis, pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil serta kualitas benih jagung yang dihasilkan. Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT). Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa perlakuan dengan dosis kombinasi 50% N asal pupuk kandang sapi dan 50% N asal pupuk urea memberikan pertumbuhan, hasil dan kualitas benih yang terbaik. Terdapat korelasi positif antara serapan N tanaman dengan kualitas benih jagung yang dihasilkan.

The need for maize continues to increase along with the population increase. However, maize production is often constrained due to the use of non quality of seed. Attempts to overcome this problem are produce high physiological quality of seed. High physiological quality of maize seed can be obtained through the efficient of nutrient management, especially nitrogen (N). Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that affects the formation of the vegetative organs of maize. Nitrogen can be obtained through the application of fertilizers, both organic and inorganic fertilizer such as cow manure and urea. This research has been carried out in order to study the effect of doses combination of nitrogen comes from cow manure and urea fertilizer for optimum growth, seed yield and seed quality of maize. The research was conducted in January-May 2012, in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. The research was conducted in a single factor arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 levels of treatments, namely N0: 100% of N comes from urea (5.25 g/polybag), N1: 25% of N comes from cow manure (114 g/polybag) + 75 % of N comes from urea (3.93 g/polybag), N2: 50% of N comes from cow manure (227 g/polybag) + 50% of N comes from urea (2.62/polybag), N3: 75% of N comes from cow manure (342 g/polybag) + 25% of N comes from urea (1.31 g/polybag) and N4: 100% of N comes from cow manure (455 g/polybag). Observations were done on several variables such as physiological activity, growth, yield components, seed yield and seed quality of maize. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level, and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the N2 gives the better growth, seed yield and seed quality of maize when compared to N0, N1, N3 and N4. There was a positive correlation between N uptakes by maize with seed quality produced.

Kata Kunci : jagung, kualitas benih, pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk urea dan serapan N