PENGARUH PENGURANGAN ANAK DAUN TERHADAP KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS, PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BEBERAPA VARIETAS KEDELAI

HELDA SABBAN,SP, Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Didik Indradewa,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Agronomi

Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengurangan anak daun terhadap proses fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas kedelai. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu memberikan informasi bahwa pengurangan sumber menurunkan hasil tanaman. Pada komoditas kedelai, pengaruh dari pengurangan anak daun terhadap aktivitas fisiologis, pertumbuhan dan hasil belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendesak untuk dilakukan. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-November 2010, di Kebun Tridharma, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Kebun Tridharma terletak pada ketinggian 113 m dpl dengan jenis tanah regosol. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan sebagai blok. Faktor utama adalah pengurangan anak daun, yaitu tanpa pengurangan, pengurangan satu, dua dan tiga anak daun. Sedangkan anak faktornya adalah varietas kedelai, yaitu Wilis, Sinabung, Argomulyo, Grobogan dan Ijen. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel aktivitas fisiologis, pertumbuhan, komponen hasil dan hasil. Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis varian (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT). Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa pengurangan satu anak daun meningkatkan bobot daun khas, konduktivitas stomata, laju fotosintesis dan jumlah polong dari kelima varietas kedelai yang diuji dalam penelitian. Kelima varietas kedelai yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki sumber yang belum melampaui batas optimal sehingga pengurangan sumber justru berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai.

The research was conducted to study the effects of leaflets reduction to the physiological activities, growth and yield of soybean varieties. Several previous studies provide information that reduction of leaf decreased the crop yields. In soybean, the effects of the reduction of leaflets to the physiological activities, growth and yield still unknown. Therefore, this research was urgently required. The research was conducted in August-November 2010, at Tridharma Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, at 113 m above the sea level with the regosol soil type. The research was conducted in split plot design with three replications as blocks. The main factors were the reduction of leaflets, namely without the reduction and the reduction of one, two and three leaflets. While the sub factors were the soybean varieties, namely Wilis, Sinabung, Argomulyo, Grobogan and Ijen. The observations were done on several variables such as physiological activities, growth, yield components and yield of soybean. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level, and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that reductions of a leaflet enhance the specific leaf weight, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and numbers of pods of five soybean varieties were tested in this study. Sources owned by the five soybean varieties used in this study has not been reached the optimal level, so that the reduction of leaflets actually had a negative impact on the growth and yield of soybean.

Kata Kunci : anak daun, kultivar, kedelai, pertumbuhan, hasil