ANGKA KUMAN UDARA PADA RUANG PERSALINAN PRAKTIK BIDAN SWASTA DI KOTA BANJARBARU

Munawar Raharja, Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Fakta menunjukkan telah terjadi peningkatan peran pelayanan kesehatan swasta bagi masyarakat, di antaranya praktik bidan swasta. Belum adanya aturan tentang kesehatan lingkungan pada praktik bidan swasta menyebabkan kurangnya pengawasan sanitasi pada ruang persalinan. Tingginya angka kuman udara pada ruang persalinan dapat menyebabkan infeksi secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui kontaminasi peralatan yang digunakan pada proses persalinan. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas fisik lingkungan, fisik bangunan, dan sanitasi ruang persalinan dengan kualitas angka kuman udara pada ruang persalinan praktik bidan swasta di Kota Banjarbaru. Metode : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan survei dengan rancangan Cross sectional. Objek penelitian adalah 34 ruang persalinan pada praktik bidan swasta di Kota Banjarbaru dengan kriteri inklusi : masih aktif, memiliki izin praktik, tempat praktik terpisah dari ruangan keluarga dan bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji statistik univariat, bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik pada α = 0,05. Hasil : Sebanyak 29,4% ruang persalinan dengan kualitas angka kuman udara memenuhi syarat dan 70,6% ruang pesalinan tidak memenuhi syarat. Ada 3 variabel penelitian yang berhubungan dengan kualitas angka kuman udara, yaitu : penataan ruangan(p = 0,031), sirkulasi udara (p = 0,000), dan sanitasi ruangan (p = 0,010). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penataan ruangan, sirkulasi udara, dan sanitasi ruangan dengan kualitas angka kuman udara pada ruang persalinan. Sirkulasi udara yang tidak memenuhi syarat merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh secara signifikan dan memberikan kontribusi paling besar terhadap kualitas angka kuman udara tidak memenuhi syarat pada ruang persalinan praktik bidan swasta di Kota Banjarbaru dengan nilai risiko relatif 45 kali.

Background: The evidence suggests there has been increasing role of private health services for the community, including midwife in private practice. The absence of rules on the environmental health of midwife private practice led to a lack of sanitary supervision in delivery room. A large number of microbial air in delivery room can cause infection directly or indirectly through contaminated equipment used in delivery process. Objectives: To determine the corelation among the environment physical quality, physical condition of the building, and sanitation in delivery room with microbial air count quality in delivery room of midwife private practices in Banjarbaru City. Methods: This research was conducted by survey with cross sectional design. Research object were 34 delivery rooms of midwife private practices in Banjarbaru City with inclusion criteria : still in operation, had practice license, separated practice location from family room, and the owners had consented to participate in research. Data analysis was conducted with the statistical analysis of univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis at α = 0.05. Results: A total of 29.4% delivery rooms had qualified microbial air count quality and 70.6% delivery rooms had unqualified. There were three variables associated with the research of microbial air count quality, namely : rooms management (p = 0.031), air circulation (p = 0.000), and sanitation of delivery rooms (p = 0.010). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation among the room management, air circulation, and sanitation with microbial air count quality in delivery room. Poor air circulation is a variable that significantly affect and contributes most greatly to unquqlified microbial air count quality in delivery room of midwife private practices in Banjarbaru City, with relatif risk of 45 times.

Kata Kunci : kuman udara, kesehatan lingkungan, persalinan, bidan