EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN BEBERAPA TANAMAN PERTANIAN DI KECAMATAN PARIGI KABUPATEN MUNA

LA MPIA, Dr. Ir. Dja’far Shiddieq, M.Sc.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Tanah

Evaluasi lahan merupakan proses penilaian potensi suatu lahan untuk penggunaan tanaman tertentu. Potensi lahan ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam merencanakan suatu kegiatan pengembangan tanaman pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan klasifikasi tanah dan membuat peta klasifikasi tanah sampai Kelas Subgrup; menentukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan dan membuat peta kesesuaian lahan tanaman padi sawah irigasi, jagung, nenas, lada, jarak, rambutan, kakao, dan jambu mete; menentukan analisis kelayakan usaha tani tanaman padi sawah irigasi, jagung, nenas, lada, jarak, rambutan, kakao, dan jambu mete; memberikan rekomendasi dan membuat peta perencanaan penggunan lahan untuk pengembangan tanaman pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai November 2011, lokasi penelitian yaitu Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Muna. Hasil klasifikasi tanah, klasifikasi kesesuaian lahan masing-masing tanaman yang dievaluasi, dan arahan pengunaan lahan pertanian dari jenis tanaman yang dievaluasi di buat dalam peta dengan bentuk peta tematik digital yang diperoleh dari penggunaan software PC ArcGIS 9.3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jenis tanah pada tingkat subgrup yaitu Humic Dystrudept, Typic Eutrudept, Typic Haprendoll, Sulfaquent dan Hydraquent. Kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual terbaik yaitu tanaman padi sawah irigasi S2 pada SPL 7; jagung S2 pada SPL 2,6 dan 7; nenas S2 pada SPL 2 dan 6; lada S3 pada SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, dan 8; jarak S2 pada SPL 2,6, dan 7; rambutan S3 pada SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, dan 8; kakao S2 pada SPL 7; jambu mete S2 pada SPL 2,6,7 dan 8. Kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial terbaik yaitu tanaman padi sawah irigasi S2 pada SPL 3,4,5,6,7, dan 8; jagung S2 pada SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6, dan 7; nenas S2 pada SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6, dan 8; lada S2 pada SPL 3,4,5,6, dan 8; jarak S2 pada SPL 1,2,3,4,6 dan 7; rambutan S2 pada SPL 3,4,5,6,7 dan 8; kakao S1 pada SPL 7; jambu mete S1 pada SP 8. Arahan perencanaan pengunaan lahan SPL 1 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, dan jagung; SPL 2 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, jagung, nenas, dan jarak; SPL 3,4, dan 5 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, padi sawah irigasi, dan jagung; SPL 6 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, jagung, nenas, dan jarak; SPL 7 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, padi sawah irigasi, jagung, dan jarak; SPL 8 : jambu mete, kakao, lada, rambutan, dan padi sawah irigasi.

Land evaluation constitutes the process of assessing the potential land for the use of certain plants. This potential land can be utilized as a basis in planning of certain activities in agricultural plants developments. The objective of this research was to determine the land classification and to make the classification track of land until achieving the subgroup classes; determining the level of land suitability and making the track of land suitability toward the irrigated field of rice plant, corn, pineapple, pepper, castor oil plants, bearing fruits, cocoa, and cashew nuts; determining the proper analysis of farmers’ efforts toward irrigated field rice, corn, pineapple, pepper, cocoa, and cashew nuts; giving recomendation and making the planning map of land use to develope the agricultural plants. This research was carried out on September until November 2011 year, the research took place in Parigi disctrict, Muna regency. The result of land classification; the classification of land suitability of each evaluated plants and the use of agricultural land of each kind of evaluated based on map made in the form of digital thematic obtained from the use of PC software ArcGIS 9.3. The Research result indicated that a type of soil categorized at subgroup level is Humic Dystrudepts, Typic Eutrudepts, Typic Haprendolls, Sulfaquents and Hydraquents. The actual land suitability classes were best irrigated rice plant S2 at SPL 7, corn S2 at SPL 2,6 dan 7; pineaple S2 at SPL 2 and 6; pepper S3 at SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8; castor oil plant S2 at SPL 2,6 and 7; bearing fruits S3 at SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8; cacao S2 at SPL 7; cashew nuts S2 at SPL 2,6,7 and 8. Potential land suitabiltiy classes were best irrigated rice plant S2 at SPL 3,4,5,6,7 and 8; corn S2 at SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6, and 7; pineaple S2 at SPL 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 8; pepper S2 at SPL 3,4,5,6 and 8; castor oil plant S2 at SPL 1,2,3,4,,6 and 7; bearing fruits S2 at SPL 3,4,5,6,7 and 8; cacao S1 at SPL 7; cashew nuts S1 at SPL 8. The planning of land use SPL 1 consists of cashew nuts, cacao, pepper, bearing fruits, and corn; on SPL 2 consists of cashew nuts, cacao, pepper, bearing fruits, corn, pineaple and castor oil of plants; on SPL 3,4 and 5 consists of cashew nuts, cacao, pepper, bearing fruits, irrigated field rice, and corn; on SPL 6 consists of cashew nuts, pepper, bearing fruits, corn, pineaple and castor oil of plant; on SPL 7 consists of cashew nuts, cacao, pepper, bearing fruits, irrigated field rice, corn and castor oil of plants; on SPL 8 consists of cashew nuts, cacao, pepper, bearing fruits, and irrigated field rice.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan, Klasifikasi tanah, Tanaman pertanian, Perencanaan penggunaan lahan.