KONTRIBUSI TIMÛR LÂNG DALAM KEMAJUAN PERADABAN ISLAM PADA DINASTI TIMÛRIÂH: STUDI HISTORIS ATAS PERLUASAN WILAYAH TIMÛR LÂNG 1370-1405 M

Deni Supriadi, Prof. Dr. M. Abdul Karim, M. A., M. A.,

2013 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Perbandingan Agama/Kajian Timur Tengah

Timûr Lâng merupakan keturunan Mongol. Ia matahari baru dari Timur yang telah memeluk Islam. Sebagai keturunan Chengis Khan dari garis Chagthai. Ia sekuat kakek buyutnya. Wilayah-wilayah yang lemah mulai ia kuasai. Awalnya, ia berhasil menaklukkan Tughluk Timur dan Ilyas Koja, kemudian ia juga melawan Amir Hussain (iparnya sendiri). Kemenangan demi kemenangan tersebut membuatnya berani memproklamirkan dirinya sebagai penguasa tunggal di Transoxiana, pelanjut Chagthai dari turunan Chengis Khan, yang kemudian mendirikan Dinasti Timûriâh. Penelitian terhadap Kontribusi Timûr Lâng dalam Kemajuan Peradaban Islam pada Dinasti Timûriâh, ditujukan untuk mengetahui wilayah-wilayah yang diinvasiTimûr Lâng 1370-1405 M, motif yang mendasari invasi dan kontribusinya terhadap peradaban Islam. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori yaitu, teori kekuasaan dan teori invasi. Teori kekuasaan dan teori invasi digunakan untuk menjelaskan perluasaan wilayah kekuasaan Timûr Lâng dan kontribusinya pada peradaban Islam. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, invasi Timûr Lâng (1370-1405 M), meliputi Asia Tengah (Dinasti Chaghtai dan Samarkhand), Asia Barat (Persia, Irak (Asia Kecil),Turki), dan Asia Selatan (India), serta Asia-Eropa (Dinasti Kipcak atau Dinasti Golden Hordé. Kontribusi terhadap peradaban Islam meliputi: bidang budaya (bahasa dan arsitektur) dan bidang politik (ekonomi dan administrasi), yang merupakan akulturasi budaya Persia, Turki, dan India.

Timûr Lâng was a Mongolian. He was the new sun from the East that had embraced Islam as his faith. As the Chengis Khan descendent, son from Chagthai, he was as strong as his grandfather. He had conquered weak regions. Initially, he defeated Tughluk Temur and Ilyas Koja, and then he fought also Amir Hussain (his brother in law). Win by win he made, and made him bravely declared as the only king of Transoxiana, the successor of Chagthai from Chengis Khan Descendant, later established Dynasty Timûriâh. The study of Islamic Civilization in the time of Dynasty Timûriâh, aimed to know the regions that had invaded by Timûr Lâng (1370-1405 M), the motive and his contribution to the civilization. To achieve the purpose, the study used some theories which are dominion theory,and invasion theory. The dominion and invasion theory were used to explain the increasing of dominion region by and his contribution to the Islamic civilization. Based on the analysis, the invasion of Timûr Lâng (1370-1405 M), covered Central Asia (Dynasty Chaghtai and Samarkhand), West Asia (Persia, Iraq (Little Asia), Turkey), and South Asia (India) also Asia-Europe (Dynasty Kipcak or Dynasty Golden Hordé). While, his contribution to the Islamic civilization included: art (language and architecture), economic, administration, politic, which an acculturation of Persian, Turkey, and Indian cultures.

Kata Kunci : Peradaban Islam, Invasi, kekuasaan, Dinasti Timûriâh.