PERTIMBANGAN ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS DI YOGYAKARTA DALAM KETERBUKAAN STATUSNYA

Erna Agustin Sukmandari, dr. Yodi Mahendradhata, M.Sc., PhD

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) bukan hanya sekedar masalah infeksi virus, tapi juga masalah stigma yang membuat penderitanya enggan untuk membuka statusnya. Merahasiakan status HIV juga bukanlah solusi bijak dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Mengungkapkan status sebagai ODHA bukanlah hal yang sederhana. ODHA harus mempertimbangkan dengan matang orang-orang yang akan diberitahu statusnya, waktu, dan cara mereka membuka status. Masyarakat Yogyakarta yang heterogen membuat masyarakatnya semakin terbuka, sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji keterbukaan status ODHA di Yogyakarta dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui berbagai pertimbangan ODHA dalam keterbukaan statusnya. Metode: Metode kualitatif menggunakan rancangan studi kasus. Keabsahan data dengan triangulasi sumber, member checking, dan prolonged time. Penelitian ini juga sudah mendapatkan ethical clearance dari komisi etik Fakultas Kedokteran UGM. Hasil: Proses informan mengetahui status adalah dengan cara mengetahui status HIV pasangan atau anak, merasa berisiko, dan kesehatan memburuk. Pertimbangan informan dalam membuka statusnya adalah ingin mengurangi beban, mendapatkan dukungan, wujud kepedulian dan keterbatasan ekonomi. Cara membuka status secara langsung dan melalui diskusi. Suasana membuka status saat santai, tenang, pikiran segar, nyaman, saat testimoni, sepi, berkumpul, makan dan saat nongkrong. Tempat membuka status di jalanan, rumah, rumah teman, rumah sakit, dan rumah makan. Sasaran buka status adalah orang yang dipercaya, paham tentang HIV, orang yang berisiko, dan teman ibadah. Hambatan membuka status adalah merasa tidak penting, ekonomi, bingung, takut, belum dapat menerima status. Kesimpulan: Pertimbangan ODHA dalam membuka statusnya yang berkaitan dengan reward terutama adalah untuk mengurangi beban yang dirasakan, selain itu juga untuk mendapatkan dukungan, sebagai wujud kepedulian, serta ingin mendapatkan dukungan ekonomi. Pertimbangan ODHA dalam membuka statusnya berkaitan dengan cost terutama adalah rasa takut, selain itu juga bingung, kehilangan dukungan ekonomi, belum bisa menerima status, dan merasa tidak penting membuka status. Sosialisasi mengenai HIV/AIDS termasuk mengenai pentingnya keterbukaan status melalui pemberdayaan tokoh agama di tiap daerah sangatlah penting.

Background: Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) not only a virus problem, but it is also about stigma that can make PLHIV reluctant to disclosure their status. Closing their HIV status is not a good solution. Revealing their PLWHA status is not that simply. They have to think thoughtfully to disclose their status, about who, when, and how they will reveal it. The heterogenous of Yogyakarta society, create their society open minded, so, the researcher was interested to find out the PLWHA disclosure in Yogyakarta. The purpose of these study: To find out the PLWHA consideration about their disclosure status Method: Descriptive qualitative with case study design. Verification with triangulation, member checking, and prolonged time. Result: The process of PLWHA to know their status was by knowing the status of HIV status of their children or spouses, feeling risky, and deteriorating health. The considerations of the informants to disclosure their statuses were to reduce the burden, to get support, to give care, and to think about economic factors. They chose the way how to disclose their status by a direct and disclose way instantly when the atmosphere was relaxing, calm, mind fresh, comfortable, testimonials, quiet, gathering, eating, and hanging out. The place to disclose the status could be on the streets, homes, friends' houses, hospitals, and restaurants. The targets to disclose the status were to friends of the church, ones that could be trusted, the notion of HIV, and people at risk. Barriers to disclosure were feeling not important, had not accepted their status, fear, confusion, and economics. Conclusion: Considerations of PLWHA to open their status associated with reward were primarily to reduce the perceived burden, but also to gain support, as a form of awareness, as well as to obtain economic support. Considerations of PLWHA to open their status related to the cost were primarily about fear, in addition to confusion, loss of economic support, having not been able to accept the status, and feeling not essential to open the status. Dissemination about HIV / AIDS, including the importance of status disclosure, through the empowerment of religious leaders in each region is very important.

Kata Kunci : pertimbangan ODHA, keterbukaan status, HIV/AIDS