POLIMORFISME GEN GROWTH HORMONE (GH) TERHADAP SIFAT PERTUMBUHAN SAPI LIMURA UMUR 60 HARI

Slamet Diah Volkandari, Tety Hartatik, S.Pt., Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pola perubahan frekuensi alel dan genotip, mengetahui polimorfisme pada Sapi Limura dengan gen Growth Hormone dan mencari hubungan antara polimorfisme gen GH dengan sifat pertumbuhan umur 60 hari. Penelitian dilakukan di peternakan rakyat Kecamatan Larangan Kabupaten Pamekasan dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan UGM dari bulan Juni 2011 sampai April 2012. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 35 ekor Sapi Limura dan 10 ekor Sapi Madura (kontrol) yang diamati umur 0 dan 60 hari. Sampel darah diambil untuk analisis DNA meliputi isolasi DNA metode SDS-PK modifikasi, amplifikasi DNA metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan digesti metode Restriction Fragment Length Polymorfism (RFLP). Data sifat pertumbuhan umur 60 hari dilakukan koreksi terhadap jenis kelamin dan paritas induk. Hubungan antara genotip dengan sifat pertumbuhan diketahui dengan analisis one-way anova. Identifikasi polimorfisme gen GH dilakukan dengan digesti fragmen DNA spesifik berukuran 211 bp merentang dari intron keempat (49 bp) ke exon kelima (162 bp) menggunakan enzim Alu I. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada Sapi Madura tidak ditemukan polimorfisme dengan frekuensi alel L sebesar 1,00 dan alel V sebesar 0,00 sehingga diperoleh genotip LL sebesar 1,00. Frekuensi alel L dan V Sapi Limura berturut-turut 0,91 dan 0,09. Sapi Limura ditemukan polimorfisme dengan genotip LL sebesar 0,83 dan genotip LV 0,17 dan dalam keseimbangan genetik. Penelitian ini tidak ditemukan hubungan polimorfisme gen GH terhadap pertumbuhan Sapi Limura umur 60 hari. Panjang badan Sapi Madura bergenotip LL (49,04 ± 2,03 cm) lebih kecil dibandingkan Sapi Limura dengan genotip LL (55,56 ± 4,74 cm) dan LV (54,43 ± 3,03 cm) umur 0 hari. Sapi Madura genotip LL mempunyai PBBH dan PTPH lebih rendah dibandingkan Sapi Limura baik genotip LL maupun LV. Pertambahan Berat Badan Harian Sapi Madura genotip LL sebesar 0,39 ± 0,09 kg/hari sedangkan Sapi Limura genotip LL dan LV berturut-turut sebesar 0,54 ± 0,16 kg/hari dan 0,56 ± 0,24 kg/hari. Pertambahan Tinggi Pinggul Harian Sapi Madura genotip LL, Sapi Limura genotip LL dan LV berturut-turut sebesar 0,17 ± 0,06 cm/hari, 0,26 ± 0,08 cm/hari, dan 0,24 ± 0,12 cm/hari. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah polimorfisme gen GH ditemukan pada Sapi Limura dengan frekuensi alel L lebih besar daripada alel V akan tetapi tidak ada hubungan antara polimorfisme gen GH Sapi Limura terhadap sifat pertumbuhan umur 60 hari. Perbedaan sifat pertumbuhan hanya ditunjukkan pada perbedaan bangsa Sapi Madura dan Sapi Limura meliputi panjang badan sapi umur 0 hari, Pertambahan Berat Badan Harian, Pertambahan Tinggi Pinggul Harian.

The research will conduct to know the pattern change of alel frequency and investigate the effect of GH for growth traits of Limura cattle at 60 days of age. The research will conduct in the smallholder at Larangan subdistrict in Pamekasan district and Animal Breeding Laboratory Gadjah Mada University from July 2011 until April 2012. Samples were used 35 Limura calves and 10 Madura calves (as control) at 0 and at 60 days of age. Blood sample for DNA analysis was taken when the calves were 60 days of age and the analysis is conducted by DNA isolation with SDS-PK modification method, DNA Amplification with PCR method, and digestion with RFLP method. Association between genotype with growth traits at 60 days of age can know by one-way anova analysis. Data of growth traits was corrected on sex and parity of dam. Identification of GH gene polymorphism was conducted by digested the DNA fragment of 211 bp extended from the fourth intron region (49 bp) to fifth of exon (162 bp) by Alu I enzyme. The result indicated that Madura cattle was not polymorfisme with frequencies of L allele 1.00 and V allele 0.00. Genotype of Madura cattle was 1.00 for LL genotype. Frequencies of L and V allele in Limura cattle was 0.91 and 0.09 respectively with genotype of LL and LV was 0.83 and 0.17 respectively and Limura cattle have equilibrium genetic condition.This research was not found associated GH gene polymorphism for growth traits of Limura cattle at 60 days of age. Body length of Madura cattle with LL genotype (49.04 ± 2.03 cm) is smaller than Limura cattle with LL (55.56 ± 4.74 cm) and LV genotype (54.43 ± 3.03 cm) at 0 day of age. Madura cattle with LL genotype have PBBH and PTPH smaller than Limura cattle with LL and LV genotype. Average Daily Gain of Madura cattle with LL genotype was 0.39 ± 0.09 kg/day while Limura cattle with LL and LV genotype was 0.54 ± 0.16 kg/day dan 0.56 ± 0.24 kg/day respectively. Height at hip gain of Madura cattle with LL genotype, Limura cattle with LL and LV genotype was 0.17 ± 0.06 cm/day, 0.26 ± 0.08 cm/day, and 0.24 ± 0.12 cm/day respectively. The conclusion showed that polymorphism GH gene was found on Limura cattle with L allele frequecies greater than V allele,but was not found associated GH gene for growth traits of Limura cattle at 60 days of age. The Difference of growth traits only showed breed different of Madura and Limura cattle i.e body length at 0 day of age, average daily gain, and Height at hip gain.

Kata Kunci : Polimorfisme, Gen GH, Sifat Pertumbuhan, Umur 60 hari, Sapi Limura